Gwaro reISC rinopa hurongwa hwakakwana hwakagadzirirwa kuvhara mukaha uripo pakati pemisimboti yepamusoro-soro nemutemo unoshanda, unogona kuita. Inopindura kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kwekunzwisisa kwakafanana kwemikana uye njodzi dzinounzwa nehunyanzvi huri kubuda. Iri igwaro rakakosha kune avo vanoshanda papolicy nexus munguva yedu iri kukurumidza kuchinja yedhijitari.
Iyo dhizaini inoongorora kugona kweAI nezvinobvamo kuburikidza nelenzi yakazara, inosanganisira kugara kwevanhu uye magariro pamwe nezvinhu zvekunze zvakaita sehupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika, nharaunda, uye chengetedzo. Zvimwe zvikamu zvegwaro rekuongorora zvingave zvakakosha kupfuura zvimwe, zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, asi sarudzo dziri nani dzinoita sezvingabvira kana matunhu ese akatariswa, kunyangwe mamwe anogona kukurumidza kuonekwa seasina basa mune zvimwe zviitiko. Uku ndiko kukosha kwekuzvarwa kwenzira yekutarisa.
"Munguva yakaratidzwa nekukurumidza hunyanzvi hwekuvandudza tekinoroji uye matambudziko epasi rose, hurongwa hweISC hwekuongorora kwakazara uye kwakasiyana-siyana kwezvingangoitika kunopa vatungamiri simba rekuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo. Inova nechokwadi chekuti sezvatinofambira mberi mune zvehunyanzvi, tinoita izvi nekunyatsotarisisa zvinorehwa nehunhu, magariro, uye hupfumi”.
Peter Gluckman, ISC Mutungamiri
Kunyange zvazvo misimboti yepamusoro yakashambadzirwa neUNESCO, OECD, European Commission neUN, pakati pezvimwe, uye nhaurirano dzakasiyana-siyana dzichiri kuenderera mberi maererano nenyaya dzehutongi hunogona kuitika, kudzora, tsika nekuchengetedzwa, pane mukaha mukuru pakati pemisimboti yakadai uye hutongi kana hurongwa hwekutonga. Iyo ISC inogadzirisa ichi chinodiwa kuburikidza negwaro idzva revagadziri vemitemo.
Gwaro iri revagadziri vemitemo harina kuitirwa kurambidza hutongi hwejekerere, asi kuti ripe zano rekuongorora rinochinja-chinja rinogona kutsigira hurongwa hwekuongorora uye hutongi hunogona kugadzirwa nevanobatanidzwa, kusanganisira hurumende nehurongwa hwemarudzi akawanda.
"Iyo hurongwa inhanho yakakosha muhurukuro yepasi rose paAI sezvo ichipa hwaro hwatinogona kuvaka kubvumirana pane zvinorehwa nehunyanzvi hwekuita izvozvi uye mune ramangwana".
Hema Sridhar, Aimbova Chief Science Adviser, Ministry of Defense, New Zealand uye iye zvino Senior Research Fellow, Yunivhesiti yeAuckland, New Zealand.
Kubva Gumiguru 2023, kwave neakati wandei akakosha emunyika uye emarudzi akawanda nekutariswa kwehutsika nekuchengetedzeka kweAI. Zvinorehwa neAI pakuvimbika kwemamwe masisitimu edu akakosha, anosanganisira emari, hurumende, zvemitemo nedzidzo, pamwe nehurongwa hweruzivo hwakasiyana (kusanganisira ruzivo rwesainzi uye rwechivanhu), ndezvekuwedzera kunetseka. Hurongwa uhu hunoratidzazve zvinhu izvi.
Mhinduro yakagamuchirwa kubva kuISC Members uye nharaunda yepasi rose inogadzira mitemo kusvika pari zvino inoratidzwa mushanduro yakadzokororwa yehurongwa hwekuongorora, iyo ikozvino yakasunungurwa semutungamiri kune vanoita mitemo.
Nhungamiro yevagadziri vemitemo: Kuongorora kukurumidza kusimukira matekinoroji anosanganisira AI, mhando dzemitauro mikuru uye kupfuura.
Iri bepa renhaurirano rinopa ratidziro yehurongwa hwekutanga kuzivisa hurukuro dzakawanda dzepasirese uye dzenyika dziri kuitika dzine chekuita neAI.
Dhawunirodha chimiro chekushandisa musangano rako
Pano tinopa chishandiso chekushandisa senge rinogadziriswa Excel sheet rekushandisa musangano rako. Kana iwe uchida yakavhurika sosi fomati, ndapota taura secretariat@council.science.
ziviso
Tekinoroji dziri kusimukira nekukurumidza dzinopa zvinhu zvinonetsa kana zvasvika pakushandisa kwavo, hutongi uye hutongi hunogona kuitika. Gwaro ririkuenderera mberi nemakakava eruzhinji pamusoro pehungwaru hwekugadzira (AI) nekushandiswa kwayo kwaunza nyaya idzi mukutarisisa. Nheyo dzakakura dzeAI dzakaziviswa neUNESCO, OECD, UN nevamwe, kusanganisira United Kingdom's Bletchley Declaration, uye kune kuri kubuda kuyedza kutonga kwezvinhu zvehunyanzvi kuburikidza, semuenzaniso, European Union (EU) AI. Act kana ichangoburwa United States AI Executive Order.
Nepo kushandiswa kweAI kuchikurukurwa kwenguva yakareba mune izvi uye mamwe maforamu, kumativi ese ezvematongerwo enyika uye munyika dziri pamazinga ese emari, kuchine gaka reontological pakati pekuvandudzwa kwemisimboti yepamusoro uye kubatanidzwa kwayo mukuita kuburikidza nekutonga, mutemo, hutongi. kana nzira dzeutariri. Iyo nzira kubva pamusimboti kuenda kukudzidzira haina kutsanangurwa zvisina kunaka, asi nekupihwa hunhu uye cadence yeAI kusimudzira uye mashandisiro, iyo siyana yekufarira inosanganisirwa uye huwandu hwezvingabvira mashandisirwo, chero nzira haigone kuve yakanyanyisa generic kana chirevo.
Nezvikonzero izvi, iyo isiri yehurumende nzanga yesainzi inoenderera mberi nekuita rimwe basa. Sangano reInternational Sayenzi Council (ISC) - nenhengo dzayo dzakawanda kubva kumagariro nesainzi yechisikigo - yakaburitsa bepa renhaurirano muna Gumiguru 2023 richiratidza hurongwa hwekuongorora hwaitarisa njodzi, mabhenefiti, kutyisidzira nemikana ine chekuita nekukurumidza kufamba tekinoroji. Kunyange iyo yakagadziridzwa kuti itarise AI, ndeye tekinoroji agnostic uye inogona kuiswa kune akasiyana ari kubuda uye anovhiringidza matekinoroji, senge synthetic biology uye quantum. Iro bepa renhaurirano rakakoka mhinduro kubva kuvadzidzi nevanogadzira mitemo. Mhinduro yakawandisa yakaita kuti kuita ongororo yakadai kuve yakakosha uye yakamira senzira yakakosha yekugadzirisa matekinoroji ari kusimukira seAI.
Chinangwa chegadziriro iyi ndechekupa chishandiso chekuzivisa vese vane chekuita - kusanganisira hurumende, vatauri vezvekutengeserana, vatongi, veruzhinji uye maindasitiri - nezve shanduko yetekinoroji iyi kuti vabatsire kuronga mafungire avangaita zvinokonzeresa, zvakanaka kana zvakaipa. tekinoroji pachayo, uye zvakanyanya kunyanya kushandiswa kwayo. Iyi yekuongorora hurongwa yakagadziridzwa yakazvimiririra yehurumende neindasitiri. Iyo yakanyanya kuwanda mumaonero ayo, inosanganisira ese maficha etekinoroji uye zvazvinoreva zvichibva pakubvunzana kukuru uye mhinduro.
Iri bepa renhaurirano revagadziri vemitemo harina chinangwa chekurambidza hutongi hwekutonga, asi kupa zano rekugadzirisa uye rinoshanduka rekuongorora iro rinogona kutsigira chero maitiro ekuongorora uye ekutonga angave akagadzirwa nevatori vechikamu, kusanganisira hurumende nehurongwa hwenyika dzakawanda.
Sevanoita sarudzo pasi rose uye munyika yose vachifunga kwakakodzera marongero uye marevheti ekuenzanisa njodzi uye mibairo yetekinoroji nyowani seAI, iyo analytical framework inotarisirwa sechishandiso chekuwedzera kuona kuti yakazara sutu yezvingangoitika zvinoratidzwa zvakakwana.
Background: nei analytical framework?
Iko kukurumidza kubuda kwematekinoroji nekuoma uye zvinorehwa neAI kuri kutyaira akawanda zvirevo zvekubatsira kukuru. Nekudaro, zvakare inomutsa kutya kwenjodzi dzakakura, kubva kumunhu kuenda kune geostrategic level.1 Yakawanda yenhaurirano kusvika nhasi yakatariswa nenzira yebhinari sezvo maonero anoratidzwa pachena anowanzo kuitika kumagumo echiratidziro. Zvichemo zvakaitirwa kana kupokana neAI zvinowanzoita hyperbolic uye - zvakapihwa hunhu hwetekinoroji - zvakaoma kuongorora.
Imwe nzira yepragmatic inodiwa apo hyperbole inotsiviwa necalibrated uye yakawanda granular ongororo. Tekinoroji yeAI icharamba ichishanduka, uye nhoroondo inoratidza kuti ingangoita tekinoroji yese ine zvese zvinobatsira uye zvinokuvadza. Mubvunzo ndewokuti: tingaita sei zvibereko zvinobatsira kubva kune teknolojia iyi, tichideredza njodzi yemigumisiro inokuvadza, zvimwe zvingave zviripo muhukuru?
Ramangwana rinogara risina chokwadi, asi kune akakwana anovimbika uye manzwi enyanzvi maererano neAI nekugadzira AI kukurudzira nzira yekuzvidzivirira. Pamusoro pezvo, maitiro ehurongwa anodiwa sezvo AI iri kirasi yetekinoroji ine kushandiswa kwakakura uye kushandiswa nemhando dzakawanda dzevashandisi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mamiriro akazara anofanirwa kutariswa kana tichitarisa zvinoreva chero kushandiswa kweAI kune vanhu, hupenyu hwemagariro, hupenyu hweveruzhinji, hupenyu hwemagariro uye mumamiriro epasi rose.
Kusiyana nemamwe matekinoroji mazhinji, edhijitari uye ane hukama matekinoroji, nguva iri pakati pekusimudzira, kuburitswa uye kushandisa ipfupi zvakanyanya, inotungamirwa nezvido zvemakambani ekugadzira kana masangano. Nemasikirwo ayo chaiwo - uye kupihwa kwakavakirwa padhijitari musana - AI ichava nemaapplication ari kukurumidza kupararira, sezvakatoonekwa nekuvandudzwa kwemhando dzemitauro mikuru. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvimwe zvivakwa zvinogona kungoonekwa mushure mekuburitswa, zvichireva kuti kune njodzi yemhedzisiro isingatarisirwe, zvese zvakashata uye zvine mutsa.
Hukoshi hwemagariro huyero, kunyanya munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana netsika, zvinokanganisa mabatirwo anoitwa nekugamuchirwa chero kushandiswa. Uyezve, zvido zve geostrategic zvave kutotonga nhaurirano, nezvido zvehutongi uye zvemarudzi akawanda zvichiramba zvichipindirana nekudaro zvichifambisa makwikwi uye kupatsanura.
Parizvino, yakawanda yekutonga kweiyo chaiyo tekinoroji yakaonekwa zvakanyanya kuburikidza nelenzi ye 'misimboti' uye nekuzvidira kutevedzera, kunyangwe paine EU AI Act.2 uye zvakafanana isu tiri kuona shanduko kune inotemeserwa asi yakati diki mitemo. Kugadzira hutongi hwehunyanzvi hwepasirese kana yenyika uye/kana hurongwa hwekutonga hunoramba hwakaoma uye hapana mhinduro iri pachena. Akawanda akaturikidzana enjodzi-anoziviswa kuita sarudzo anozodiwa pamwe chete neketani, kubva kumugadziri kuenda kumugadziri, kumushandisi, kuhurumende uye kune multilateral system.
Kunyange zvazvo mitemo yepamusoro yakashambadzirwa neUNESCO, OECD, European Commission neUN, pakati pezvimwe, uye nhaurirano dzakasiyana-siyana dzepamusoro dzichienderera mberi maererano nenyaya dzehutongi hunogona kuitika, mitemo, tsika nekuchengeteka, pane mukaha mukuru pakati pevakadaro. misimboti uye hutongi kana hurongwa hwekutonga. Izvi zvinoda kugadziriswa.
Sekutanga, ISC inofunga kugadzira taxonomy yekufunga iyo chero mugadziri, mutongi, chipangamazano, mutengi kana mugadziri wesarudzo anogona kunongedzera. Tichifunga nezvezvakaremerwa zvetekinoroji idzi, taxonomy yakadai inofanirwa kutarisisa kuzara kwezvinoreva pane kutarisisa kuumbwa. Kupatsanuka kwepasi rose kuri kuwedzera nekuda kwesimba rezvido zve geostrategic pakuita sarudzo, uye nekuchimbidza kwehunyanzvi uhu, zvakakosha kuti manzwi akazvimirira uye asina kwaakarerekera arambe achirwira nzira yakabatana uye inosanganisirwa.
1) Hindustan Times. 2023. G20 inofanira kumisa boka repasi rose pamusoro pekuchinja kwetekinoroji.
https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/g20-must-set-up-an-international-panel-on-technological-change-101679237287848.html
2) Iyo EU Artificial Intelligence Act. 2023. https://artificialintelligenceact.eu
Kuvandudzwa kwechimiro chekuongorora
ISC ndiyo yekutanga sangano repasi rose risiri rehurumende rinobatanidza sainzi yechisikigo uye yemagariro. Kusvika kwayo kwepasirese uye kwechirango kunoreva kuti yakanyatsoiswa kuti igadzire yakazvimirira uye yepasi rose mazano akakodzera kuzivisa sarudzo dzakaoma dziri mberi, kunyanya sezvo manzwi ariko munhandare iyi ari kunyanya kubva kumaindasitiri kana kubva kupolicy nenharaunda dzezvematongerwo enyika dzemasimba makuru etekinoroji.
Zvichitevera nguva yenhaurirano huru, iyo yaisanganisira kutariswa kwehurongwa hwekuongorora husiri hwehurumende, ISC yakagumisa kuti mupiro wayo unobatsira uchave kugadzira dhizaini yekuongorora iyo inogona kushandiswa sehwaro hwehurukuro nekuita sarudzo nevose. vanobatanidzwa, kusanganisira panguva ipi neipi maitiro ekuongorora anobuda.
Hurongwa hwekutanga hwekuongorora, hwakaburitswa kuti vakurukure nemhinduro muna Gumiguru 2023, hwakatora chimiro chegwaro rekutarisa rakagadzirirwa kushandiswa nehurumende nemasangano asiri ehurumende. Iyo dhizaini yakacherekedza uye yakaongorora kugona kwehunyanzvi hwakadai seAI nezvinobvamo kuburikidza nelenzi yakakura inosanganisira kugara kwevanhu uye magariro, pamwe nezvinhu zvekunze zvakaita sehupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika, nharaunda nechengetedzo. Zvimwe zvikamu zvegwaro rekuongorora zvingave zvakakosha kupfuura zvimwe, zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, asi sarudzo dziri nani dzinoita sezvingabvira kana matunhu ese akatariswa, kunyangwe mamwe anogona kukurumidza kuonekwa seasina basa mune zvimwe zviitiko. Uku ndiko kukosha kwekuzvarwa kwenzira yekutarisa.
Iyo yekutanga sisitimu yakatorwa kubva kumabasa ekare uye kufunga, kusanganisira iyo International Network yeHurumende Sainzi Advice's (INGSA) mushumo wedigital wellbeing3 uye OECD Framework yeClassification yeAI Systems, 4 kuratidza huwandu hwemikana inogona kuitika, njodzi uye kukanganisa. yeAI. Izvi zvigadzirwa zvekare zvaive zvakanyanya kuganhurirwa muchinangwa chavo zvakapihwa nguva yavo uye mamiriro; panodiwa hwaro hwakadzama hunoburitsa huwandu hwakazara hwenyaya munguva pfupi uye refu.
Kubva pakuburitswa kwaro, bepa renhaurirano rakawana rutsigiro rwakakura kubva kunyanzvi dzakawanda nevagadziri vemitemo. Vazhinji vakanyatso simbisa kurudziro yekugadzira dhizaini inobvumira kutarisisa nemaune uye nekukasira kufunga nezve njodzi uye zvinokonzeresa tekinoroji, uye mukuita izvi, nguva dzose inotarisisa huwandu hwehukuru kubva kumunhu kuenda kunzanga uye masisitimu.
Kumwe kucherechedzwa kukuru kwakaitwa kuburikidza nemhinduro kwaive kubvumwa kuti zvakati wandei zvezvinoreva zvinotariswa muhurongwa zvakasimirirwa zvakawanda uye zvinotambanukira mumapoka akawanda. Semuenzaniso, disinformation inogona kutariswa kubva kune ese munhu uye geostrategic lens; nokudaro, migumisiro yacho yaizova yakakura.
Sarudzo yekusanganisira zvidzidzo zvenyaya kana maexamples kuti aedze chimiro chakakurudzirwa zvakare. Izvi zvinogona kushandiswa kugadzira nhungamiro kuratidza kuti ingashandiswa sei mukuita mumamiriro akasiyana. Zvisinei, iri ringave basa rakakosha uye rinogona kuganhurira kuti mapoka akasiyana anoona sei kushandiswa kwechimiro ichi. Zvinonyanya kuitwa nevagadziri vemitemo vanoshanda nenyanzvi mune dzakati nzvimbo kana mamiriro.
Kubva Gumiguru 2023, kwave neakati wandei akakosha emunyika uye emarudzi akawanda nekutariswa kwehutsika nekuchengetedzeka kweAI. Zvinorehwa neAI pakuvimbika kwemamwe masisitimu edu akakosha, anosanganisira emari, hurumende, zvemitemo nedzidzo, pamwe nehurongwa hweruzivo hwakasiyana (kusanganisira ruzivo rwesainzi uye rwechivanhu), ndezvekuwedzera kunetseka. Chimiro chakadzokororwa chinoratidzazve zvinhu izvi.
Mhinduro yakagamuchirwa kusvika pari zvino inoratidzwa mushanduro yakadzokororwa yehurongwa hwekuongorora, iyo ikozvino yakasunungurwa semutungamiri kune vanoita mitemo.
Nepo chimiro chinoratidzwa mumamiriro eAI uye matekinoroji ane hukama, anobva achinjirwa kune kufunga kweimwe inokurumidza kubuda matekinoroji senge quantum uye synthetic biology.
3) Gluckman, P. naAllen, K. 2018. Kunzwisisa kugara zvakanaka mumamiriro ekukurumidza dhijitari uye shanduko dzakabatana. INGSA.
https://ingsa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/INGSA-Digital-Wellbeing-Sept18.pdf
4) OECD. 2022. OECD Framework yeKukamurwa kweAI masisitimu. OECD Digital Economy Papers, No. 323,#. Paris, OECD Publishing.
https://oecd.ai/en/classificatio
The Framework
Tafura inotevera inoratidza zviyero zve putative analytic framework. Mienzaniso inopihwa kuratidza kuti sei dura rega rega riine basa; muchirevo chechinyorwa, chimiro chaizoda kuwedzera zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu. Izvo zvakakoshawo kusiyanisa pakati pezvakajairwa nyaya dzinomuka panguva yekuvandudzwa kwepuratifomu uye izvo zvinogona kubuda panguva chaiyo yekushandisa. Hapana kufunga kumwe kunosanganisirwa pano kunofanirwa kubatwa sechinhu chakakosha uye, nekudaro, zvese zvinofanirwa kuongororwa.
Mamiriro ezvinhu akaiswa muzvikamu zvinotevera sezvinotsanangurwa pasi apa:
Iyo tafura inodonongodza zviyero zvingangoda kutariswa paunenge uchiongorora tekinoroji nyowani.
– INGSA. 2018. Kunzwisisa hutano hwakanaka maererano nekuchinja kwedhijitari nekukurumidza uye kwakabatana nako.
https://ingsa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/INGSA-Digital-Wellbeing-Sept18.pdf
- Tsananguro itsva (dzakawanikwa kuburikidza nekubvunzana kwakakura uye mhinduro uye ongororo yemabhuku)
- OECD Framework yeKupatsanura Masisitimu eAI: chishandiso chemitemo yeAI inoshanda.
https://oecd.ai/en/classification
| Zvikonzero | Mienzaniso yekuti izvi zvingaratidzwa sei mukuongorora |
| Vashandisi 'AI kugona | Vanokwanisa uye vanoziva sei zvivakwa zvehurongwa ndivo vangangove vashandisi vanozodyidzana nehurongwa? Vachapihwa sei ruzivo rwakakodzera rwemushandisi uye yambiro? |
| Vane chekuita nedambudziko iri | Ndivanaani vanonyanya kutora chikamu vachakanganiswa nehurongwa (vanhu, nharaunda, vanotambura, vashandi vemumapato, vana, vanogadzira mitemo, nyanzvi nezvimwewo)? |
| Optionality | Vashandisi vanopihwa mukana wekubuda muhurongwa here kana kuti vanopihwa mikana yekupikisa kana kugadzirisa zvinobuda? |
| Njodzi kukodzero dzevanhu uye tsika dzedemokrasi | Hurongwa uhu hune chekuita nekodzero dzevanhu here, kusanganisira asi zvisingagumiri pakuvanzika, rusununguko rwekutaura, rusarura, rusarura nezvimwe? |
| Zvinogona kuitika pakurarama kwevanhu | Ko iyo sisitimu inokanganisa nzvimbo ine chekuita nekugara kwemushandisi wega (mhando yebasa, dzidzo, kugarisana kwevanhu, hutano hwepfungwa, kuzivikanwa, nharaunda nezvimwewo)? |
| Mikana yekutamiswa kwebasa revanhu | Pane mukana wekuti sisitimu iite otomatiki mabasa kana mabasa anga achiitwa nevanhu? Kana zvakadaro, ndezvipi zvinokonzeresa? |
| Ingangove yekuzivikanwa, kukosha kana kukanganisa ruzivo | Iyo sisitimu yakagadzirwa here kana kuti inogona kushandura chitupa chemushandisi kana tsika dzakaiswa, kana kuparadzira disinformation? |
| Mikana yekutaura wega uye kuzviziva wega | Pane mukana wekugadzira uye kusava nechokwadi here? Pane mukana wekunyepa here kana zvirevo zvisingagoneki zvehunyanzvi? |
| Zviyero zvekuzvikoshesa | Pane dzvinyiriro yokuzviratidzira umene wakazvinakira here? Inogona kutsiva imwe pfungwa yokuzadzika kwomunhu oga? Pane pressure here yekukwikwidzana nesystem mu kubasa? Mukurumbira wemunhu wakanyanya kuoma kudzivirira kubva kune disinformation? |
| Privacy | Pane mabasa akapatsanurwa ekuchengetedza kuvanzika uye aripo here fungidziro dziri kuitwa pamusoro pekuti data rako pachako rinoshandiswa sei? |
| Kuzvidzivirira | Iyo AI system inogona kukanganisa kuzvitonga kwevanhu nekugadzira kunyanya-kuvimba ne yekupedzisira-vashandisi? |
| Kubudirira kwevanhu | Pane here kukanganisa pakuwana hunyanzvi hwekuvandudza vanhu, senge mabasa makuru kana hunyanzvi hwekudyidzana, kana shanduko yenguva yekutarisisa inobata kudzidza, kukura kwehunhu, zvinetso zveutano hwepfungwa nezvimwewo? |
| Kutarisirwa kwehutano hwemunhu | Pane zvirevo zvekuzviongorora wega here kana mhinduro dzehutano hwemunhu? Kana zvakadaro, dzakasimbiswa kumitemo yemitemo? |
| Hutano hwepfungwa | Pane here njodzi yekuwedzera kushushikana, kusurukirwa kana zvimwe zvehutano hwepfungwa, kana tekinoroji inogona kuvandudza maitiro akadaro? |
| Shanduko yemunhu | Zvingaita here kuti mamodheru emitauro mikuru uye hungwaru hwekunyepera huchinje nzira yokushanduka-shanduka kwevanhu? |
| Kudyidzana kwevanhu-muchina | Iko kushandiswa kungatungamira mukudzikisira uye kutsamira nekufamba kwenguva kune vanhu? Are pane zvinokanganisa kugarisana kwevanhu? |
| Zvikonzero | Mienzaniso yekuti izvi zvingaratidzwa sei mukuongorora |
| Tsika dzenzanga | Iyo sisitimu inoshandura zvakanyanya hunhu hwenharaunda, inogonesa kugadziridzwa kwemazano aimboonekwa seanopokana nemagariro, kana kutyora magariro etsika maari kushandiswa? |
| Kushamwaridzana kwevanhu | Pane zvazvinoita here pakuonana kwevanhu kune revo, kusanganisira hukama hwepfungwa? |
| Hutano hwehuwandu | Pane here mukana wekuti sisitimu ifambire mberi kana kukanganisa zvinangwa zvehutano hwevanhu? |
| Kutaura kwetsika | Kuwedzera kwekugoverwa kwetsika kana rusaruro kungangoitika here kana kuti kunonetsa kugadzirisa? Kuvimba nehurongwa hwekuita sarudzo hakusanganisire here kana kuregeredza hukama hwemagariro ane chekuita netsika munharaunda? |
| Dzidzo yevanhu vose | Pane mhedzisiro here pamabasa evadzidzisi kana masangano edzidzo? Iyo sisitimu inosimbisa here kana kuderedza kupatsanurwa kwedhijitari uye kusaenzana pakati pevadzidzi? Iko kukosha kwemukati kwezivo kana kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwakakwira kana kudzikiswa? |
| Chokwadi chakamonyaniswa | Nzira dzinoshandiswa kuona chokwadi dzichiri kushanda here? Maonero echokwadi anokanganiswa here? |
| Zvikonzero | Mienzaniso yekuti izvi zvingaratidzwa sei mukuongorora |
| Industrial sector | Ndeipi chikamu cheindasitiri inoisirwa hurongwa (mari, kurima, hutano, dzidzo, kudzivirira nezvimwewo)? |
| Muenzaniso webhizinesi | Nderipi bhizinesi basa rinoshandiswa sisitimu uye mune chinzvimbo chipi? Iyo system inoshandiswa kupi (yakavanzika, yeruzhinji, isina purofiti)? |
| Mhedzisiro pamabasa akakosha | Kuvhiringwa kwebasa rehurongwa kana chiitiko kungakanganisa masevhisi akakosha kana zvivakwa zvakakosha? |
| Upamhi hwekuiswa | Iyo hurongwa inofambiswa sei (yakamanikana kushandiswa mukati meyuniti vs. yakapararira munyika / pasi rose)? |
| Technical maturity | Iyo system yakakura sei? |
| Kubatanidza | Pangangove nemasilos, munyika kana pasi rose, anorambidza kutengeserana kwemahara uye kukanganisa kubatana nevadyidzani? |
| Kutonga kwehunyanzvi | Chishuwo chehunyanzvi hwekuzvitonga kutyaira maitiro, kusanganisira kutonga pamusoro peiyo yese AI yekugovera cheni? |
| Income redistribution uye national fiscal levers | Ko mabasa akakosha ehurumende yakazvimirira angakanganiswa (semuenzaniso, mabhanga ekuchengetera)? Ko kugona kwehurumende kuzadzisa zvinotarisirwa nevagari vemunyika (zvemagariro evanhu, zveupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika nezvimwewo) zvichafambiswa mberi here kana kuderedzwa? |
| Kupatsanurana kwedhijitari (kupatsanurana kweAI) | Kusaenzana kwedhijitari kuripo kuri kuwedzera here kana kuti zvitsva zvinogadzirwa? |
| Zvikonzero | Mienzaniso yekuti izvi zvingaratidzwa sei mukuongorora |
| Utongi uye basa rehurumende | Nzira dzekutonga nehurongwa hwehutongi hwepasi rose zvingakanganiswa here kana kuti zvakaipa? |
| Nhau midhiya | Hurukuro yavose ingangove yakaganhurirwa uye kudzika midzi pakati pehuwandu hwevanhu here? Pachave nemhedzisiro pamazinga ekuvimba muFourth Estate? Ko tsika dzevatapi venhau dzakajairwa uye mwero wekuvimbika zvichawedzerwa here? |
| Mutemo wemutemo | Pachave nemhedzisiro pakukwanisa kuona vanhu kana masangano kuti vazvidavirire (semuenzaniso, rudzii rwekuzvidavirira kugovera kune algorithm kune zvakaipa mhedzisiro)? Pane kurasikirwa kwekuzvitonga kwakagadzirwa here (zvezvakatipoteredza, zvemari, mutemo wemagariro, tsika nezvimwe)? |
| Zvematongerwo enyika nekubatana kwevanhu | Pane here mukana wemaonero akadzika midzi mune zvematongerwo enyika uye mukana mushoma wekuvaka kubvumirana? Pane here mukana wekuwedzera mamwe mapoka ekuganhurira? Zvitayera zvevavengi zvezvematongerwo enyika zvinogadzirwa zvakanyanya kana zvishoma? |
| Social rezinesi | Pane zvinonetsa pakuvanzika, nyaya dzekuvimba uye zvehunhu zvinonetsa zvinofanirwa kutariswa kuti vanobatanidzwa vagamuchire kushandiswa? |
| Ruzivo rwechivanhu | Ruzivo rweChivanhu uye data zvingave zvakashatiswa kana kushandiswa zvisiri izvo here? Pane here matanho akakwana ekudzivirira kubva kunhema, ruzivo uye kushandiswa? |
| Sisitimu yesainzi | Kutendeseka kwedzidzo nekutsvakurudza kunokanganiswa here? Pane kurasikirwa kwekuvimba nesayenzi here? Pane mikana yekushandisa zvisizvo, kunyanyisa kana kushungurudza? Chii chiri muuyo womuitiro wesayenzi? |
| Zvikonzero | Mienzaniso yekuti izvi zvingaratidzwa sei mukuongorora |
| Precision surveillance | Iwo masisitimu akadzidziswa pane ega ega maitiro uye biological data uye anogona kushandiswa kukanganisa vanhu kana mapoka? |
| Makwikwi edhijitari | Vaiti vehurumende kana vasiri vehurumende (semuenzaniso makambani makuru etekinoroji) vanogona kushandisa masisitimu nedata kuti vanzwisise uye vadzore huwandu hwedzimwe nyika uye magariro, kana kukanganisa kutonga kwekutonga? |
| Makwikwi ezvematongerwo enyika | Iyo system inogona kumutsa makwikwi pakati penyika pamusoro pekushandisa data remunhu neboka rehupfumi, zvekurapa uye zvekuchengetedza? |
| Kuchinja mumasimba enyika | Chimiro chenyika-nyika sevatambi vepasirese vezvematongerwo enyika vari kutyisidzirwa here? Ko makambani ehunyanzvi anoshandisa simba rakambochengeterwa nyika-nyika uye ivo vakazvimiririra, vanozvimiririra vatambi (vari kusimukira technopolar world order)? |
| Disinformation | Iyo sisitimu yaizogonesa kugadzirwa uye kuparadzira disinformation nevatambi vehurumende nevasiri vehurumende zvine chekuita nekubatana kwevanhu, kuvimbana uye democracy? |
| Mashandisirwo maviri | Pane mukana here wezvose zviri zviviri kushandiswa kwechiuto pamwe chete nekushandiswa kwevanhuwo zvavo? |
| Kupatsanurwa kwehurongwa hwepasi rose | Masilos kana masumbu emitemo uye kutevedzera anogona kukura izvo zvinotadzisa kubatana, zvinotungamira mukusawirirana mukushandisa uye kugadzira nzvimbo yekupokana? |
| Zvikonzero | Mienzaniso yekuti izvi zvingaratidzwa sei mukuongorora |
| Simba uye zviwanikwa kushandiswa (carbon footprint) | Iyo sisitimu uye zvinodiwa zvinowedzera kutora kwesimba uye kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa pamusoro uye pamusoro pekubudirira kunowanikwa kuburikidza nekushandisa? |
| Simba rinobva | Simba rinotorwa kubva kuhurongwa (renewable vs. fossil fuels nezvimwewo)? |
| Zvikonzero | Mienzaniso yekuti izvi zvingaratidzwa sei mukuongorora |
| Kutungamirirwa uye kuunganidzwa | Iyo data uye yekupinda inounganidzwa nevanhu, otomatiki sensors kana zvese zviri zviviri? |
| Kugadziriswa kwe data | Iyo data uye mapindiro kubva kunyanzvi akapihwa, akacherechedzwa, akagadzirwa kana akatorwa? Pane here watermark dziviriro yekusimbisa hunhu? |
| Dynamic chimiro che data | Iyo data ine simba, yakasimba, ine simba yakagadziridzwa nguva nenguva kana chaiyo-nguva? |
| Kodzero | Iyo data ndeyemuridzi, yeruzhinji kana yemunhu (inoenderana nevanhu vanozivikanwa)? |
| Kuzivikanwa uye ruzivo rwemunhu | Kana iwe pachako, iyo data haina kuzivikanwa kana manyepo? |
| Chimiro che data | Iyo data yakarongeka, semi-yakaumbwa, yakaoma yakarongeka kana isina kurongeka? |
| Mamiriro e data | Iyo fomati yedata uye metadata yakamisikidzwa kana isina-yakamisikidzwa? |
| Chiyero che data | Chikero chedataset chii? |
| Kukodzera uye kunaka kwedata | Iyo dataset inokodzera chinangwa here? Saizi yemuenzaniso yakakwana here? Inomiririra uye yakakwana zvakakwana here? Mashoko acho ane ruzha rwakadii? Iko kukanganisa here? |
| Zvikonzero | Mienzaniso yekuti izvi zvingaratidzwa sei mukuongorora |
| Kuwanikwa kwemashoko | Pane ruzivo rwuripo here nezve modhi yesystem? |
| Mhando yeAI modhi | Iyo modhi inomiririra (mitemo inogadzirwa nevanhu), nhamba (inoshandisa data) kana yakasanganiswa? |
| Kodzero dzakabatana nemuenzaniso | Iyo modhi yakavhurika-sosi kana yevaridzi, yega- kana yechitatu-bato inotungamirwa here? |
| Imwe chete yemamodheru akawanda | Iyo sisitimu inoumbwa neimwe modhi kana akati wandei akabatana modhi? |
| Kubereka kana kusarura | Iyo modhi inogadzira here, inosarura kana zvese? |
| Model kuvaka | Iyo sisitimu inodzidza zvichibva pamitemo yakanyorwa nevanhu, kubva padata, kuburikidza nekudzidza kwakatariswa kana kuburikidza nekusimbisa kudzidza? |
| Model evolution (AI drift) | Iyo modhi inoshanduka uye / kana kuwana hunyanzvi kubva mukudyidzana nedata mumunda? |
| Federated kana pakati kudzidza | Iyo modhi yakadzidziswa nechepakati here kana mumasevha akati wandei emuno kana 'edge' zvishandiso? |
| Kuvandudza/kugadzirisa | Iyo modhi ndeyepasirese, inogoneka kana yakagadzirirwa kune data yemutambi weAI? |
| Deterministic kana probabilistic | Iyo modhi inoshandiswa nenzira ye deterministic kana probabilistic? |
| Muenzaniso wakajeka | Ruzivo rwuripo kune vashandisi kuvabvumira kuti vanzwisise zvinoburitswa modhi uye zvipimo kana kushandisa zvipingaidzo? |
| Computational limitation | Pane zvisingakwanisi computational kune system? Zvinoita here kufanotaura kugona kusvetuka kana kuyera mitemo? |
| Zvikonzero | Mienzaniso yekuti izvi zvingaratidzwa sei mukuongorora |
| Basa rinoitwa nehurongwa | Ndeapi mabasa anoitwa nehurongwa (kuzivikanwa, kuona chiitiko, kufanotaura nezvimwe)? |
| Kubatanidza mabasa nezviito | Iyo sisitimu inosanganisa akati wandei mabasa nezviito (zvemukati chizvarwa masisitimu, anozvimiririra masisitimu, kutonga masisitimu nezvimwewo)? |
| Sistimu mwero wekuzvitonga | Kuzvimiririra kwakadii zviito zvehurongwa uye basa rei rinoitwa nevanhu? |
| Degree yekubatanidzwa kwevanhu | Pane here kumwe kubatanidzwa kwevanhu kutarisa basa rose reAI system uye kugona kusarudza riini uye sei kushandisa iyo AI system mune chero mamiriro? |
| Core application | Iyo sisitimu ndeyenzvimbo yakakosha yekushandisa senge tekinoroji yemitauro yevanhu, kuona komputa, otomatiki uye/kana optimization kana marobhoti? |
| Evaluation | Zviyero kana nzira dziripo dzekuongorora kuburitsa system? |
Iyi gadziriro yaigona kushandiswa sei?
Ichi chinyorwa chinogona kushandiswa nenzira dzakawanda, kusanganisira:
A way forward
Muchidimbu, iyo analytical framework inopiwa sehwaro hweturusi rekushandisa iro rinogona kushandiswa nevane chekuita kuti vatarise zvizere kune chero zviitiko zvakakosha zvingave zvepuratifomu kana zvekushandisa nenzira inowirirana uye yakarongeka. Zviyero zvakaunzwa muhurongwa uhu zvine basa kubva pakuongorora tekinoroji kuenda kugwara reruzhinji, kubva pakukura kwevanhu kuenda kumagariro evanhu, uye remangwana uye zvidzidzo zvetekinoroji. Ichiri kugadzirirwa AI, iyi analytical framework ine yakawanda yakawedzera kushanda kune chero imwe tekinoroji iri kubuda.
KUTENDA
Vanhu vazhinji vakabvunzurudzwa uye vakapa mhinduro mukugadzirwa kwebepa rekutanga renhaurirano nemhinduro zvichitevera kuburitswa kwaro. Mapepa ese ari maviri akanyorwa na Sir Peter Gluckman, Mutungamiri, ISC naHema Sridhar, aimbova Chief Science Adviser, Ministry of Defense, New Zealand uye iye zvino Senior Research Fellow, Yunivhesiti yeAuckland, New Zealand.
Kunyanya, ISC Ishe Martin Rees, aimbova Mutungamiri weRoyal Society uye Co-Muvambi weCentre for the Study of Existential Risks, University of Cambridge; Purofesa Shivaji Sondhi, Purofesa wePhysics, University of Oxford; Purofesa K Vijay Raghavan, aimbove Principal Scientific Adviser kuHurumende yeIndia; Amandeep Singh Gill, Nhume yeMunyori Mukuru weUnited Nations paTekinoroji; Seán Ó hÉigeartaigh, Mutungamiriri Mukuru, Center for the Study of Existential Risks, University of Cambridge; Sir David Spiegelhalter, Winton Purofesa wePublic Understanding of Risk, University
weCambridge; Amanda-June Brawner, Senior Policy Adviser uye Ian Wiggins, Mutungamiriri weInternational Affairs, Royal Society, United Kingdom; Dr Jerome Duberry, Mutungamiriri Mukuru uye Dr Marie-Laure Salles, Mutungamiriri, Geneva Graduate Institute; Chor Pharn Lee, Center for Strategic Futures, Prime Minister's Office, Singapore; Barend Mons naDr Simon Hodson, Komiti yeData (CoDATA); Purofesa Yuko Harayama, Aimbova Mutungamiriri Mukuru, RIKEN; Professor
Rémi Quirion, Mutungamiriri, INGSA; Dr Claire Craig, Yunivhesiti yeOxford uye Aimbove Musoro weKuona, Hofisi yeHurumende yeSainzi; Prof Yoshua Bengio, Munyori Mukuru weUnited Nations Scientific Advisory Board uye kuUniversité de Montréal; uye nevamwe vazhinji vakapa mhinduro kuISC pabepa renhaurirano rekutanga.
Kugadzirira National Research Ecosystems yeAI: Strategies uye kufambira mberi muna 2024
Iri bepa rekushanda kubva kuISC's think tank, Center for Science Futures, rinopa ruzivo rwakakosha uye kuwana zviwanikwa kubva kunyika kubva kumativi ese epasi, pamatanho akasiyana ekubatanidza AI mune yavo yekutsvagisa ecosystem.
Kuvaka masisitimu esainzi akagadzirira mune ramangwana muGlobal South
Tekinoroji dziri kusimukira dziri kugadziridza maitirwo anoitwa sainzi uye dzinopa mukana wakakura wekusimbaradza masisitimu esainzi muGlobal South - kana kutorwa kwavo kuchitungamirwa nemaitiro anosanganisira, anotsigirwa zvakanaka, uye anotarisisa mamiriro ezvinhu. Maitiro ekuona matekinoroji aya anobatsira kune akaenzana uye akatsiga masisitimu esainzi, pane kusimbisa mutsauko uripo, ndiyo yaive yakanyanya kutariswa yeiyi nzira yekudzoka.
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Verenga zvakawanda nezve Muscat Global Knowledge Dialogue
