Mafambiro ari kusimukira anoumba mabasa esainzi

IInternational Science Council uye Nhengo yayo, iyo China Association yeSainzi neTekinoroji (Rashai), mukubatana na muzvarirwo, vakatangisa mutsva-zvikamu zvitanhatu podcast nhevedzano inoongorora mamiriro ari kusimukira emabasa ekutsvagisa. Pakati pezvakatevedzana, vaongorori vekutanga uye vepakati-basa vachange vachikurukurirana nevakuru vesainzi, vachigovana zviitiko zvekukura, kubatana, uye kusimba pamberi pekuchinja nekukurumidza.

Muchikamu chechitatu ichi, Mercè Crosas, Director weComputational Social Science uye Humanities pa Barcelona Supercomputing Center, uye Mohammad Hosseini, Mubatsiri Purofesa weEthics pa kumavirira University, kurukurai kuti AI uye digitalization iri kushandura sei basa resainzi uye maitiro ekutsvaga.

Hurukuro yacho inosimbisa mikana nematambudziko ayo AI anounza kune vekutanga- uye vepakati-basa vaongorori. Nepo matekinoroji matsva achigonesa kubudirira uye kuvhura nzira nyowani dzekubvunza, ivo vanosimudzawo kushushikana pamusoro pekuenzana kwekuwana, kunyanya kuvimba nematurusi otomatiki, uye kukukurwa kwekufunga kwakadzama.

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inopangidza

Izzie Clarke: 00:01

Mhoroi ndokugamuchirai. Ini ndiri mutori wenhau wesainzi Izzie Clarke uye mune iyi podcast yakaunzwa mukubatana neInternational Science Council, nerutsigiro rweChina Association for Science and Technology, tichave tichikurukura nezvesimba rerubatsiro rwedhijitari nehungwaru hwekugadzira hunozivikanwa seAI, kukosha kwayo kumabasa esainzi, pamwe nekutyisidzira kwayo kune bhizinesi resainzi.

Nhasi, ndabatanidzwa naMercè Crosas, Mutungamiriri weComputational Social Science uye Humanities kuBarcelona Supercomputing Center uye Mutungamiriri weKomiti yeData yeInternational Science Council, inozivikanwa seCODATA.

Mercè Crosas: 00:42

Mhoro.

Izzie Clarke: 00:43

Uye Mohammad Hosseini, Mubatsiri Purofesa weEthics kuNorthwestern University muChicago, uye nhengo yeGlobal Young Academy.

Mohammad Hosseini: 00:51

Mhoro wakadii?

Izzie Clarke: 00:52

Zvakanaka, ndatenda. Ini ndinofunga mubvunzo kunemi mese, kuti mutange zvinhu, nei ikozvino yave nguva yakaoma yekufungisisa nezvekuti digitalization uye AI iri kuumba sei mabasa esainzi?

Mohammad Hosseini: 01:05

Ndinofunga kuti tiri kuona zvakawanda uye zvakawanda-zvinotungamirirwa nedata-zvinotungamirirwa nekuita sarudzo nevatsvakurudzi, iyo dzimwe nguva inodonhawo pasi kune nyika kana yemunharaunda sarudzo, izvo zvakanaka, asi maererano nemabasa esayenzi, izvi zvinoreva kuti tinofanira kudzidzisa vatsvakurudzi mune unyanzvi hutsva.

Uye izvi zvagara zvakadaro. Asi nekuda kwepano, zvinhu zviri kufamba nekukurumidza zvekuti hatigone kubata. Michina yave kugona zvekuti inogona kudzinga kana kutsiva vashandi vevanhu musainzi. Isu tave mune imwe nguva yakaoma yekukurukura digitaalinen uye kuongorora kuti ndiani anobatsirwa kubva kune aya matekinoroji, angangosiiwa kumashure uye kuti tingave sei pachena uye kuenzana mukushandisa kwavo.

Izzie Clarke 01:54

Mercè, pfungwa dzako ndedzipi?

Mercè Crosas: 01:56

Chimwe chezvinhu zvekutanga ndechekuti AI zvakare yakashandiswa musainzi kwenguva yakareba, uye shanduko yave kuitika zvishoma nezvishoma. Ichokwadi kuti ikozvino kune exponential kushandiswa kweAI inoshandiswa senzira mune yakawanda yekugadzirwa kwesainzi.

Saka, kubva pakuongorora kwekuongorora mabhuku kusvika pakuedza kutsvaga mubvunzo wekutsvagisa, kugadziridza data uye kuunganidza data, uyezve kuongorora pachayo, asiwo ipapo kuburitswa kwemhedzisiro yesainzi. Ndinoreva, ndinofungidzira iyo yekunongedza iyo yaitaurwa naMohammad, ine simba rakakura kupfuura nakare kose.

Izzie Clarke: 02:34

Pane zvakawanda zvekufunga nezvazvo pano. Wataura zvakadhindwa ipapo uye isu tichapinda pazviri munguva pfupi. Asi maererano nemikana, ndeipi mikana yaunoona ichibuda kubva kune iyi yekutanga- uye yepakati-basa vatsvagiri uye kuti zviri kuchinja sei mamiriro esainzi anofambiswa neAI?

Mohammad Hosseini: 02:55

Ini ndinofungidzira mikana iri kutenderedza kugadzira zvitsva uye kuita zvinhu zvingave zviroto makore mashanu apfuura. Chero nzvimbo yaigona kubatsirwa kubva mukuenzanisira, isu tiri kufamba nekukurumidza zvino. Uyu mukana, kunyanya kune vekutanga- uye vepakati-basa vatsvagiri vanogona kunge vakanyanya kushandisa AI, asi inouya nekumwe kutengeserana-offs. Kuwana mukana musimba idzva iri kunoda rudzi rutsva rwekuda kuziva rwatisina kudzidziswa mariri. Asi ndinofunga kuti tinofanira kuedza kutsvaga mabasa mumamiriro ekutsvagisa ayo asingagoni kuve otomatiki uye kuedza kubudirira mumabasa akadaro.

Somuenzaniso, nzvimbo yangu yekutsvakurudza, ndiri muongorori wezvetsika. Kunyora bepa rakakakavadzana ratova automated. Asi kudzidzisa, kudzidzisa kirasi-mu-munhu, iyo zvakare inopindirana uye inobata, kana kuitisa bvunzurudzo kuti utore data uye uwane miono mitsva kubva muzviitiko zvakararama vanhu - aya mabasa asingakwanise kuve nyore otomatiki. Uye ini ndinofunga isu tinofanirwa kutsvaga iri boka remabasa mune yedu pachedu yekutsvagisa mamiriro uye kuyedza kukunda mune izvo.

Izzie Clarke: 04:06

Uye Mercè?

Mercè Crosas: 04:07

Handioni njodzi yakawanda yesainzi kana vesainzi vebasa rekutanga, vesainzi vepakati-basa, kuti vatsive. Chandinoona mikana yemibvunzo mitsva yekutsvagisa iyo masayendisiti mazhinji kubva kuzvizvarwa zvakapfuura aisakwanisa kumbofunga kubvunza, handiti? Saka, kwete, hazvina kunyanya kudaro, zvakanaka, ikozvino tinogona kushandisa zvishandiso izvi, asi kuti tinogona kufunga nezvemamwe minda nenzira yakasiyana. Mune biomedicine, mukushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, mufizikisi uye biology kune genetics, iyo inogona kuchinja nekushandiswa kweAI uye mhando nyowani dze data.

Izzie Clarke: 04:39

Ini ndinofunga tiri kuona kuti kune dzakawanda nzira dzakasiyana dzatinogona kutendeukira kuAI uye kuita mabasa akasiyana, uye takataura nezve hunyanzvi zvakare. Saka, iwe unofungei vekutanga- uye vepakati-basa vaongorori mundima dzesainzi vanofanirwa kurangarira, uye kupi kwavanogona kuwana rutsigiro?

Mercè Crosas: 04:57

Zvinonyanya kukosha kupfuura nakare kose kuomesesa mune sainzi uye kunzwisisa kuti, pakupedzisira, tingave tichishandisa AI kana kushandisa mamwe maturusi, sainzi ndizvo zvatinoita, uye sainzi inferensi uye sainzi inofanirwa kuve pachena. Nzira, data uye nzira yatinozviita nayo inofanirwa kusimbiswa nevamwe.

Zvinoreva kuti, zvakare, hatingoshandise maturusi eAI kutipa mhinduro, asi isu tinofanirwa kuve nyanzvi mune mabatiro atinoita mhinduro idzodzo. Uye nekuda kweizvozvo, isu tinofanirwa kuramba takagadzirira nezve dzidziso yeminda iyo yatinoita tsvakiridzo uye rigorosity yezvakabuda.

Izzie Clarke: 05:33

Ehe, ndinoreva, Mohammad, ndinoda pfungwa dzako pane izvi zvakare nekuti ndinoziva kuti ichi chinhu chaunotarisisa.

Mohammad Hosseini: 05:38

Hongu, zvachose. Uye ndinodawo kudzokera kune zvakataurwa naMercè pano. Hongu, zvakakosha kufunga nezvedzidziso, uye panguva imwecheteyo, kune vanhu vazhinji vanopokana kuti nekuda kwekukwira kwesainzi inofambiswa nedata, tiri kuona kupera kwedzidziso yemagariro. Dzidziso haina kunyanya kukosha nekuti vanhu vanogona kungounganidza data uye kuita migodhi yedata kuti vaone zvine chekuita pasina kana kuve nekufungidzira vasati vaunganidza data.

Uye ndinofunga kuti budiriro inoshamisa inoda kunyatsotariswa nekutariswa. Ini ndinofunga rimwe rematambudziko andinodawo kuratidza inyaya yekuti isu tinokwanisa kuwana zviwanikwa zvakasiyana, zvichienderana nenzvimbo. Isu tinewo mutsauko maererano nezvinopiwa nemasangano. Ndine rombo rekuve muyunivhesiti yakapfuma yakazvimiririra muUnited States inopa mukana wemahara kune akasiyana maAI modhi, asi izvi hazvisizvo kune mamirioni evamwe vaongorori.

Uye kusawirirana uku kunoisa vamwe vanhu vazhinji munzvimbo isina mukana. Mayunivhesiti mazhinji haana kana mutemo wakajairwa wekushandiswa kwemhando dzeAI. Dai ndaiva muyunivhesiti yakadai, ndaizoedza chaizvo kutaura nevakuru veyunivhesiti kana raibhurari kuti ndivakumbire kuti vape nhungamiro nekudzidziswa.

Mercè Crosas: 06:54

Kutevera njodzi yekunyanya kufambiswa nedata. Ini handibvume kuti ndiyo nzira yatinofanira kufamba nayo, handiti? Mhedzisiro ndiyo mharadzano pakati peiyo theoretical modhi uye iyi data-inofambiswa nzira. Asi maererano nekushandisa generative AI kana mhando nyowani dzeAI maturusi, ndinofunga kuti Europe ine maitiro akasiyana zvakanyanya pane dzimwe nzvimbo.

Uye iko zvino kune kuvandudzwa kwehurongwa hutsva hweAI mune sainzi nesainzi yeAI. Isu tinofanirwa kungwarira kuti ndeapi maturusi eAI atinoshandisa, angave ane tsananguro yakajeka yei data yakashandiswa, ingave yakavhurika sosi, ingave yakanangana neAI yakavimbika, uye ndinofunga izvo zvakakosha.

Izzie Clarke: 07:36

Ini ndaida kutora chimwe chinhu ipapo. Isu tinotaura nezve mashandisiro atiri kushandisa AI mubasa uye kutsikisa, zvakare. Saka Mohammad, ndezvipi zvinhu zvaunofunga kare- uye vepakati-basa vaongorori vanofanirwa kurangarira kana zvasvika pakutsikisa uye kushandiswa kweAI?

Mohammad Hosseini: 07:54

Ehe, ndinofunga chimwe chezvinhu chatinofanira kunyatso funga nezvacho ndechekuti ibasa ripi ratiri kurodha kuAI? Nderipi basa ratiri kukumbira AI kuita? Pakatanga iyi AI boom, AI yainyanya kushandiswa pakupera kwetsvagiridzo yako, senge padanho rekukopa-kugadzirisa nekuvandudza kuverenga uye zvichingodaro.

Asi ikozvino tiri kuburitsa aya akakosha mabasa kuAI, uye inotevera nguva yaunoda kufunga nezve unotevera mubvunzo wekutsvagisa, pachinzvimbo chekufunga zvakadzama nezvemabhuku ekuverenga aunoverenga kana zvinyorwa zvitsva zvaunoverenga, wakafanana, ah, regai ndibvunze kuti AI inotii nezvazvo. Zvinova zvinopinda muropa, uye ndingakurudzira vaongorori kuti vazive mabasa avari kupa uye vazvibvunze, zvine basa here?

Kurudziro yangu ndeyekuti usangoburitsa chimwe chinhu nekuda kwekuburitsa chimwe chinhu kunze kwekunge uine chimwe chinhu chakakosha kutaura. Funga kuti ndiani wauri kutaura. Kana iwe uri kushandisa AI kutsvaga zvinyorwa, ita shuwa kuti iwe unoverenga zvirimo zvauri kutaura, nekuti nguva zhinji izvi zvinyorwa hazvina basa.

Izzie Clarke: 09:03

Uye ndinofunga kuti ipfungwa yakanaka. Hongu, pane nzira dzatinogona kushandisa AI dzinogona kubatsira mune mamwe mapoinzi, asi chengetedza humwe hunyanzvi uhu huchishanda uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti uri kuita kushingaira kwakakodzera nedzimwe nzira, zvakare.

Uye ndinofunga kuti zvichida zvinotisvitsa panhaurirano pamusoro pekuvimbika. Saka, mukati memunda wako uye kune ruzhinji rwevanhu, chii chinotora kuchengetedza kuvimbika muzera rino redhijitari? Mercè?

Mercè Crosas: 09:30

Zvakanaka, ndinofunga zviri nyore kwazvo. Ndinoreva, iwe waive nekuvimbika kana iwe uchigona kutaurirana, kana iwe uchinzwisisa zvizere uye zvauri kushanda pazviri uye hazvina kugadzirwa nechimwe chinhu chausinganzwisise. Kudzokera kuhunhu hwesainzi uye nesainzi yakavhurika, kuti zviri pachena sezvinobvira, kuti chero munhu upi zvake anogona kuona zvawaita kubva pamashandisiro awakaita iyo AI modhi, nzira, iyo data yawakashandisa, mafambiro ebasa, misimboti yakanaka yekuwanikwa, inowanika, inopindirana [inoshanda], inogona kushandiswazve data. Asi zvakare software kuitira kuti zvauri kushandisa zvigovane, zvinowanikwa nevamwe uye zvinogona kusimbiswa.

Izzie Clarke: 10:06

Asi kune dzakawanda nzira dzinonakidza dzekuti ichi chinogona kuve chishandiso chekushandura sainzi uye digitalization, zvakare. Saka, Mercè, unoona sei basa rekutaurirana kwesainzi richikura sezvo tekinoroji inokura, zvakare?

Mercè Crosas: 10:20

Zvakanaka, saka, kutaurirana kwesainzi, isu tichiri kuda kuita basa rakawanda pane izvo kune nzanga. Uye pane zvatove zvinotarisirwa zvinokwanisika kana mikana yekuti AI iite basa zvakare mukubatsira kupfupikisa yakawanda yesainzi inobuda uye kuita kuti iwanikwe kune vateereri vakawanda. Saka, ndinofunga kuti zvinogona kufadza.

Izzie Clarke: 10:41

Uye pakupedzisira, chii chinokupa imi mose tariro yeramangwana resainzi munyika ino yedhijitari? Mohammad?

Mohammad Hosseini: 10:47

Ndinofunga chinondipa tariro chizvarwa chitsva chevaongorori vanotaura. Tiri kucherechedza chizvarwa chitsva chinoshinga kutaura zvachinofunga uye chiri kuda kubhadhara mutengo pachiri. Ndiri muUS uye ndinoona marudzi ese emakambani makuru uye maitiro avanogona kupesvedzera mamiriro ekutsvagisa nemayunivhesiti uye zvese izvo. Saka, zvakakosha kuti ndione izvozvo.

Izzie Clarke: 11:12

Uye Mercè?

Mercè Crosas: 11:15

Saka, ndinofunga kuti isu tine mamwe maturusi ekunzwisisa mashandiro atinoita, mabatiro atinoita, mibvunzo mitsva yatingabvunza mune sainzi. Uye ndinofunga izvo zvinopa tariro yesainzi iri nani kana tikasarasikirwa nesainzi uye isu tisingarasikirwe neaya maitiro esainzi yakavhurika, asi zvakare kutora mukana weiyi nzira itsva yeAI nzira.

Izzie Clarke: 11:34

Ndinokutendai mose zvikuru nekubatana neni.

Kana iwe uri wekutanga- kana wepakati-basa muongorori uye iwe uchida kuve chikamu chenhaurirano nezveramangwana reAI, batana neInternational Science Council Forum yemasayendisiti ari kusimukira.

Kushanyirwa: kanzuru.sainzi/forum kuti uzive zvakawanda.

Ndini Izzie Clarke, uye nguva inotevera tichave tichikurukura kuti vaongorori vekare uye vepakati-basa vangabatsira sei kuchengetedza gungwa redu uye simba renzira ye transdisciplinary yekuita kudaro. Kusvikira ipapo.

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