"Iwe haugone kungopinda mune zvinogoneka uye wozvidaidza kuti mhinduro inoenderera"

Migumisiro nekungotarisa

• Iyo purojekiti yakashandisa nzira dzekuenzanisa uye dzekutora chikamu kuongorora kuti mamiriro emasangano uye emagariro nemagariro anopesvedzera sei zviono zveshanduko kuti zvirambe zviripo.
• Ongororo yemaitiro eUS, Indian neGerman yakaratidza kuti mararamiro uye tsika yenhaurirano dzezvematongerwo enyika zvine basa guru pakuti, sei uye kusvika papi danho rekushandura rinoitwa uye rinoonekwa saizvozvo.
• Iro basa rinobatsira mukutsvagisa uye kudzidza nekukurudzira North-South kuyambuka-yenguva kuenzanisa uye kusanganisa tsvagiridzo pamagariro uye zvinhu zvekuchinja.
• Iyo purojekiti yaisanganisira kushanda pamwe chete nevemasangano akasiyana siyana uye vanodyidzana navo mune zvedzidzo, uye nokudaro yakagonesa kutaurirana kwepasi rose pamaonero eT2S.
• Mawekishopu muIndia, semuenzaniso, akagonesa vagari venzvimbo, avo vaimbonzwa vasina kutaura uye vasina ruzivo nezvezvirongwa zvemitemo, kuti vataure zvavanofunga uye pfungwa pamusoro peshanduko inoenderera munharaunda yavo.

MuIndia, simba rezuva iindasitiri inokurumidza kukura: iyo nyika yakaisa rekodhi vhoriyamu yesimba rinogona kudzokororwazve muna 2022. Tichifunga kuti 70% yesimba reIndia parizvino rinobva mumarasha, izvo pakutanga zvingaita senge nhau dzakanaka kune avo vane hanya nezvemamiriro ekunze. shanduko.

Asi maitiro ekuisa mahombe emagetsi ezuva akaomesesa uye achinetsa kunharaunda zhinji nevaratidziri, sezvo achiwanzoitwa nenzira dzisina demokrasi uye dzinoparadza nharaunda. MuMikir Bamuni Grant musha muAssam, semuenzaniso, nyika yakaorera paddy yaive kutorwa nechisimba kubva kuvarimi nekambani inovandudza zvinhu muna 2021 kugadzira gwenya remagetsi ezuva. Kutorwa kwevhu nekubviswa kwakatsigirwa nemapurisa emunharaunda nevakuru vedunhu; vagari vomumusha vairamba vaisungwa ndokuiswa mujeri. In dzimwe nyika dzakadai seKarnataka, varimi vakarenda ivhu ravo pane zvinoratidzika zvenguva pfupi kumakambani ezvirimwa zvezuva, uye vakazowana ivhu rakacheneswa kubva kune zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye maitiro echisikigo: nokudaro, kuparadza simba rayo rekugadzira chikafu mune ramangwana. Nharaunda idzi hadzina hunyanzvi hwekuchinja kune mamwe marudzi ekurarama, uye mapaki ezuva akapa mabasa mashoma kune vagari veko.

"Pane pfungwa iyi yekuti unogona kungotora zvinovandudzwa, wozvinyudza munzvimbo yekusvibisa, greenhouse-gasi-emitting masosi, uye isu takasununguka kumba," akadaro Sheila Jasanoff, Pforzheimer Purofesa weSainzi neTekinoroji Zvidzidzo paHarvard University. - uye muongorori mukuru muchirongwa chemakore matatu chichangobva kupera chakatsigirwa neTransformation to Sustainability (T2S) chirongwa cheBelmont Forum, iyo NORFACE network, uye International Science Council, inonzi Governance of Sociotechnical Transformations (GoST), umo vatsvakurudzi muGermany, India, Kenya, UK, uye USA vakadzidza zvematongerwo enyika ekushandura kune kusimudzira muzvikamu zvitatu - simba, chikafu, uye maguta. "Asi iwe uri kutaura nezve matekinoroji ayo pachawo ane zvaanoreva: iwe unogona kugadzira gungwa resolar panels, asi uchazvichengeta sei dzakachena? Uchabata sei nekusashanda kwavo uye nekupedzisira kuraswa? Iyi mibvunzo - inozivikanwa kune vezvemamiriro ekunze - haina kubvunzwa zvine hungwaru mumamiriro ekuchinja uye shanduko. "

Beyond techno-fixes: kuwedzera munda

Nyaya yezuva itambo imwe yedambudziko rakakura: tsika pakati pevanoita sarudzo yekuona shanduko kune kusimba semaitiro ehunyanzvi - vachirasikirwa nehukuru hwavo hwezvematongerwo enyika, hwehupfumi, hwemagariro, uye huzivi. "Tese tinoziva kuti matambudziko ekusimbaradza, angave ari ezvematongerwo enyika kana ezvakatipoteredza, akaomarara uye haana chokwadi," akadaro Andy Stirling, purofesa wesainzi uye tekinoroji paSussex University uye mumwe muongorori mukuru weGoST. “Dai vasina, tingadai takasvikako kare kare. Uye zvakadaro pane imwe nzira yekumanikidza kunyepedzera kuti kusimba ibasa rimwechete, rakapfava, rehunyanzvi. "

Icho chirevo chinonzwisisika chinokwezva. Shanduko dzinofambiswa nehunyanzvi hwekuita zvekusimudzira dzinogona kufungidzirwa zviri nyore pazvikero zvakawanda uchishandisa nzira dzesainzi dzekuenzanisira, uye dzinoita sedzisiri kuita zvinodiwa zvakanyanya kune vanhu zvekuchinja mararamiro (sekubhururuka zvishoma kana kudya nyama shoma). "Vanogona kuiswa mumutauro usina kwavakarerekera mune zvematongerwo enyika, sezvinodiwa uye zvisingadzivisiki, uye nokudaro hazvigoneke kukakavara, uye vakaremerwa nezvipikirwa zveramangwana riri nani uye rakabudirira, senge simba rakawanda (simba), kufamba (maguta akangwara), kana goho (kurima)," akadaro Silke Beck, mutungamiri wepurojekiti uye Purofesa weSociology yeSainzi neTekinoroji kuTU Munich. Iyo GoST purojekiti, zvisinei, yakanyatsojekesa kuti shanduko dzakadaro hadzina kumbobvira dzarerekera mune zvematongerwo enyika.

Semuenzaniso, vatsvakurudzi vakawana kuburikidza nekuenzanisa kwenguva refu kwenyika dzakawanda izvo zvinodaidzwa kuti 'nuclear renassance', iyo yakarongedzwa senzira inonzwisisika mune portfolio yemaitiro emamiriro ekunze, inoita shoma pfungwa inoshanda yakapiwa mari isingafadzi, kuvaka-nguva, uye mamwe maitiro ekushanda, kana achienzaniswa nedzimwe sarudzo dzesimba renewable. Asi, sezvakataurwa neGoST kekutanga mumabhuku akaongororwa nevezera rake, "masimba chaiwo ekutyaira ari kutonyanya mauto - kunyanya, kumanikidza mune [dzimwe] nyika dzine zvombo zvenyukireya kuchengetedza kugona kwenyika maindasitiri kuvaka nekushandisa nyukireya. - ngarava dzepasi pemvura. Kupfuura kufunga nezvesimba kana mamiriro ekunze, zviri pachena kuti zviri kushanda pano kukwezva kwekoloni kunopihwa nechimiro chezvombo zvenyukireya che "chigaro patafura yepamusoro yenyika".

Mufananidzo: o1559kip.

Iyo GoST nzira: fungidziro yekushandura

Tichifunga nezvekudzivirirwa kweanotonga T2S rondedzero, chirongwa cheGoST chakanangana nemusoro zvakasiyana. Chirongwa ichi chakaseka dzimwe nzira idzo nzanga dzinoumba nadzo zviono zveramangwana rakagadzikana, uye ndokuongorora kana nzira dzakasiyana dzekuita izvi dzingabatsira kuita shanduko kuti ive yakasimba. Zvinotarisirwa kuti ruzivo urwu zvino runogona kubatsira vanogadzira mitemo kuti vagadzire nzira dzinoshanda uye dzakaenzana dzekutonga shanduko kune kusimudzira. Iyo purojekiti yakashandisa 'socio-technical imaginaries' (STI) chimiro kutora mativi uye nechinguva cheshanduko kuti irambe iripo uye kuburitsa pachena nyaya dzehutongi. Yakashanda kubva pamaonero e'co-productionist' inofunga magadzirirwo anogadzirwa ruzivo pamwechete pakati pesainzi, tekinoroji nezvematongerwo enyika, uye yakashandisa nzira yekuenzanisa kubatsira vaongorori kuti vanzwisise kuti sei uye nei mamiriro ezvinhu achikosha mukushandurwa kwekusimudzira.

"Isu tinotarisa pfungwa yeshanduko seyakanzi 'yekufungidzira': kureva, chiono chakabatika pamwe chekuti ramangwana ringaite sei," akadaro Jasanoff. “Nzira iyo nzanga ipi neipi inofungidzira nayo ramangwana rayo, kubatanidza remangwana rayo remhoteredzo, inotsamira pakunzwisisa kwakadzama zvikuru kwetsika: kuti kutonga kunoreva nezvei; chii chiri mamiriro; chii chiri kuita; zvine hukama sei nenzanga; uye ndeapi mabasa ayo?” Sechikamu chetsvagurudzo, vabatsiri vakaita misangano yekudyidzana munyika shanu dzepurojekiti, uko vane chekuita - kusanganisira vakuru vehurumende, nharaunda dzakabatanidzwa uye dzakakanganiswa neshanduko dzetekinoroji, maNGO, vezvenhau, pamwe nenyanzvi munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzekutsvaga - vakakokwa. kuwana uye kugovera zviono zvavo zveramangwana rakagadzikana uye rakarurama uye nzira dzekuzviona.

Misangano iyi yaive yakanangana nekuita: "kwakanga kusiri kungounza ruzivo [asi] nezvekuvaka danho rekuchinja chaiko mukati mezvikamu zvakasiyana," akadaro Joel Onyango, CEO weAfrican Researchers Consortium uye mumwe muKenya mutsvakurudzo. . "Saka kukwanisa kudaidza misangano ... zvinoreva kuti tiri kugadzirawo mukana wekuti vanobatana vakasiyana vashande pamwe chete, asi zvakare kudzidza zvakasiyana-siyana zvekufungidzira nekusimudzira."

Denda reCCIDID-19 rakagadzira rudzi rwekuyedza kusingatarisirwe, zvichibvumira timu yeGoST yekutsvagisa kuona munguva chaiyo nyaya zhinji dzehutongi dziri panjodzi mukushanduka kwekusimudzira. Denda parakarova, hurumende dzepasirese dzakakurumidza kuita nhevedzano yezviyero izvo varatidziri vezvakatipoteredza vanga vachikurudzira kwemakumi emakore, senge kurambidzwa kufamba, zvirambidzo pakubhururuka nendege uye kumanikidza kuvimba nezvikafu zvemuno. Kutevedzwa kuri pakati nepakati - uye kukakavadzana pamusoro - aya matanho munyika dzakadzidzwa anoratidza kuwirirana kwakakosha pakati pemanzwiro evagari vekubatana uye kugona kwehurumende kudzika nekumanikidza matanho anoganhurira.

Kazhinji, vanhu vakagamuchira kunyange zvimiro zvinopindirisa nekunyunyuta kushoma mune idzo nyika kana pasi penyika apo hukama hwemagariro, kana kubatana, kwainge kwatosimba - sekuGermany, akadaro Beck uyo aitungamira nyaya dzeGerman. Nyaya yeUS, zvisinei, inoratidza kusimba kwevanopokana nekuchinja kwemararamiro akarairwa munzvimbo zhinji dzenyika, uye kuramba vachipokana nekukasira kwaitaurwa kwedambudziko rehutano nemasayendisiti anoonekwa (sezvakaitawo mumamiriro ekunze) sekushandira. chirongwa chezvematongerwo enyika chakasununguka kana chinofambira mberi, chakasungirirwa kupindira kwehurumende kupfuura vazhinji vekuAmerica vakagadzirira kushivirira.

mhedziso

Vatsvaguri vakagumisa kuti shanduko yekuenderera mberi ichada nzira dzegutsaruzhinji, dzinotora chikamu uye dzakavhurika dzekufunga uye kuita sarudzo dzakabatanidzwa pamusoro pezvimiro, hunhu uye neramangwana rinodiwa, kupfuura zviripo parizvino munzvimbo dzakadzidzwa. "Sainzi uye tekinoroji zvakakosha, asi zvakakosha uye hazvina kukwana," akadaro Stirling. "Kana tichizowana nharaunda dzakagadzikana maererano nehutongi hwemagariro uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, saka tichazofanira kubata zvematongerwo enyika zvakanyanya - uye tiite demokrasi nezvazvo."

Izvi zvinoreva shanduko yekuenderera mberi nekutsvaga, ruzivo rwekugadzira, uye shanduko yekudzidza haifanirwe kuonekwa semidziyo yekushandura hunhu hwemunhu uye hunhu hwemagariro kuti uwane zvinangwa zvakafanotsanangurwa senge Paris Agreement kana Sustainable Development Goals. Asi, anodaro Beck, shanduko kune kusimba dzinoda kugadziridzwa senzvimbo ingangoita gakava rezviono zvinopokana zvebudiriro yakadzikama kutarisana nekubatana. Kufunga patsva shanduko kune kusimudzira kunodawo kukoka huwandu hwakawanda hwevatambi vemagariro (kupfuura nyanzvi dzehunyanzvi) kuti vafunge ramangwana rinodiwa uye kugadzira nzira nesarudzo dzekusangana nadzo.

“Chimwe cheizvi chiri mukuona zvirongwa zvakaita sezvedu kwete sezvidzidzo zvedzidzo chete, kana se'kutsvagisa dzidziso', asi sekuratidzira," akadaro Stirling. “Uye izvi hazvireve kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo uye kutaura nyaya nezve shanduko munzvimbo iyoyo. Zvinoreva kuona tsvakiridzo sechikamu chesangano revanhu, kwete kungoona masayendisiti achigadzira ruzivo. "

"Basa rekufungidzira rakakosha muhurongwa hweveruzhinji," akadaro Jasanoff. "Uye zvakanyura matiri tese, mukana wekufungidzira chingave ramangwana rakanaka." Kufungidzira uku hakufanirwe kurovererwa paradigm yekukura uye kufambira mberi kwemutsara, asi kuti zvidzikame mumibvunzo nezve "nzira yekuve nehutongi hwakakwana mukugovewa kwezvinhu - kwete kungozara kana kukwana kwezvinhu zvacho," akadaro.