Sezvichangobva kuitika zvakaratidza, kutaura kwakasununguka kunogona kuuya nemutengo unorema. Inouyawo nezvitupa - kunyangwe ichiita seyakachengetedzwa nebumbiro remitemo, kana mutemo wepasi rose, kana zvese zviri zviviri.
Robert French, aimbova Mutongi Mukuru weAustralia, akashanda seChancellor weEdith Cowan University uye University of Western Australia. Muna 2019, akanyora a taura nezverusununguko rwekutaura muAustralia vanopa dzidzo yepamusoro. Parizvino anoshanda saSachigaro weConstitution Education Fund Australia uye inhengo ye ISC Komiti Yerusununguko uye Basa muSainzi.
Chisungo 19(2) cheInternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (“ICCPR”) chinopa:
2. Munhu wese achava nekodzero yerusununguko rwekutaura zvaanoda; kodzero iyi inosanganisira rusununguko rwekutsvaga, kugamuchira nekupa ruzivo nemafungiro emarudzi ese, zvisinei nemiganhu, angava nemuromo, mukunyora kana kudhindwa, nenzira yeunyanzvi, kana neimwe nzira ipi zvayo yenhepfenyuro yaanoda.
Zvisinei, kodzero iyi haina magumo. Chitsauko 19(3) chinochikodzera sezvinotevera:
3. Kushandiswa kwekodzero dzakapihwa mundima 2 yechinyorwa chino inotakura mabasa akakosha uye mabasa. Naizvozvo inogona kuve pasi pezvimwe zvirambidzo, asi izvi zvichave chete sezviri kupihwa nemutemo uye zvinodikanwa:
(a) Nekuremekedza kodzero kana mukurumbira wevamwe;
(b) Chekuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwenyika kana kurongeka kwevanhu (ordre public), kana hutano hweveruzhinji kana tsika.
Rusununguko rwacho runokodzerwazve neChikamu 20 icho chinorambidza kuparadzirwa kwehondo nekukurudzira ruvengo rwenyika, rudzi kana chitendero runosanganisira kukurudzira rusarura, ruvengo kana mhirizhonga.
Idzi vimbiso dzakakwaniriswa dzinotsinhirwa mubumbiro remitemo yenyika dzakawanda nezviridzwa zvepasi rose. Zvikwaniriso zvakadaro hazvisati zvichirwisana nenheyo yorusununguko rwokutaura, sezvo pasina rusununguko rwakakwana. Kunyange zvakadaro, kupfuura izvi zvipingamupinyi zviri pamutemo, rusununguko rwokutaura nhasi rwuri mudzvinyiriro. Dzvinyiriro iyi mune chikamu chiratidzo chesocietal polarization uye kushivirira kwekuchinjana kwehasha pakati pemapoka evanhu vane maonero akasiyana.
Idzi dzvinyiriro parusununguko rwokutaura dzinoratidzira miitiro yakafara muhurukuro yavose nokuvimba. The Edelman Trust Barometer ongororo yepasi rose yakatora nguva yakareba pamusoro pemazinga ekuvimbana munharaunda pasi rose.Ongororo yePagore ye25, yakaitwa kuburikidza nemaminetsi makumi matatu ebvunzurudzo padandemutande nevanhu vanopfuura 33,000 vakapindura muna Gumiguru naMbudzi 2024, yakaratidza kushanduka kubva pakutya kuenda mukusagadzikana uye kuenda kunyunyuto. SeMukuru Mukuru weEdelman akadaro:
Isu tava kuona zero-sum mindset inobvumidza matanho akanyanyisa semhirizhonga uye disinformation semidziyo yekuchinja.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvinotsigira izvo Edelman Report inodana 'chichemo' kuvhiringidzika pamusoro peruzivo rwechokwadi. 63% yevakapindura vakati zvave kunetsa kuona kuti nhau dzinobva kune anoremekedzwa sosi here kana kuti kuyedza kuona.
Mhedzisiro yeEdelman yakapawo zvinotevera zvinotambudza:
Zvinotyisa, vana mugumi vakapindura - 53% yeavo vane makore 18-34 vanotendera imwe kana nzira dzakawanda dzekurwisa kuunza shanduko, iyo inosanganisira kurwisa vanhu pamhepo, kuparadzira disinformation nemaune, kutyisidzira kana kuita mhirizhonga, nekukuvadza midziyo yeruzhinji kana yakavanzika.
Zvibvumirano zveBumbiro reMitemo uye zvepasi rose zvinodzivirira rusununguko rwekutaura uye kurongeka kweveruzhinji zvingave zvisingabatsiri mukutarisana netsika yemagariro epolarized umo zvikamu zvehuwandu hazvigone kushivirira zvakasiyana-siyana zvemaonero. Kusafarira mafungiro kana zvitendero zvevamwe vanhu kunogona kusvika pamiganhu yemafungiro nezvematongerwo enyika. Hapana 'kurudyi' kana 'kuruboshwe' ane masimba ekusashivirira. Kunyunyuta kwakaoma kwevamwe vanozviti vanochengetedza kunofananidzwa nekutonga kusiri kwechokwadi kwevamwe vanonzi vanofambira mberi.
Sainzi, zvese zvakasikwa uye zvemagariro, zvine mabasa akakosha ekuita mumamiriro ezvinhu aya. Vanofanira kuramba kubatwa ne polarizing tsika. Vanofanira kudzivisa kusashivirira kwemaonero ehterodox uye matauriro avo.
Mayunivhesiti, ayo ari masikirwo emitambo yesainzi, ane basa rakakosha rekuita. Vanogona kuisa mienzaniso yehurukuro yakasimba pakati pevanhu vane maonero akasiyana-siyana uye anopikisana, vangave vashanyi kuyunivhesiti kana vadzidzi kana vashandi pamusasa. Vanofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti mitemo yavo yomufambiro yevashandi nevadzidzi uye vakurukuri vanoshanya havakwanisi kuzvidzivirira pakutaura kwokufunga nemhaka bedzi yokuti vanoguma vagumbuka kana kuti kunyange kutukwa.
Kunyange zvazvo hurukuro dzekuremekedza dzichifanira kusimudzirwa, shoko rokuti 'kutaura kweruvengo' harifaniri kutsanangurwa zvakafara zvokuti rinogona kushandiswa sechombo chokudzvinyirira kutaura nokuti chimwe chikamu cheyunivhesiti chinoriona sechinogumbura kana kuti kuyambuka mimwe mitsara isina kurongwa. Kutsoropodza kana kunyomba dzidziso dzechitendero zvinogona kugumbura vatendi asi hazviratidzi kuvavenga. Nekune rimwe divi, kudaidza vanoomerera kune imwe kutenda kwakanyengedzwa mapenzi anofanirwa kudziviswa nevanhu vanofunga zvakanaka, angayambuka mutsetse. Kutsoropodza kwakasimba kwefungidziro yesainzi kungaonekwa sekunyomba kune vanoisimudzira. Hakusi nokuda kwechikonzero ichocho kutaura kwokuvenga. Nekudaro, kutaura kuti mumwe munhu anobatirira kune imwe fungidziro yesainzi angave asina kutendeseka kana benzi rinogona kuyambuka mutsara wekushungurudza munhu pasina.
Ichokwadi chezvemagariro evanhu kuti bumbiro, mitemo yenyika nemirau, uye mitemo nemakodhi eyunivhesiti, kunyangwe zvakakweverwa zvakasimba, hazvimbofi zvakaridza tsika. Tsika yekusawirirana kusingaperi, pakati pemapoka evanhu akadzika midzi mumaonero akasiyana enyika, inononoka uye dzimwe nguva isinganonoke muchetura uchipesana nekubatana kwevanhu.
Izvozvo hazvirevi kuti vanhu vanofanira kubvumirana. Kusawirirana kwavo kunogona kuve kwekusimbisa uye kunoenderana nehunhu. Zvitendero nemafungiro zvinogona kurwiswa. Zvitendero nemafungiro hazvina kodzero. Zvakadaro, vanhu vane kodzero yekucherechedzwa nezvehunhu hwavo hwekutanga uye kusazvidzwa kana kuverengerwa zvisizvo kana kusakodzera nekuda kwekutaura kuri pamutemo kwemafungiro avo.
Nepo rusununguko rwekutaura pakambasi yakakosha kukosha, inokodzerwa nebasa rakawanda kukurudzira kugara zvakanaka uye kuchengetedzeka kwevashandi nevadzidzi. Mayunivhesiti anofanira kukwanisa kudzika matanho ekuona kuti vashandi nevadzidzi havasi pasi perusaruro rusina kunaka, rusarura kana kutyisidzira kana kutyisidzira. Asi basa iroro haripembedzi matanho akagadzirirwa kudzivirira munhu chero upi zvake kuti asagumbuka kana kushamiswa kana kutukwa nekutaura kuri pamutemo kwemumwe.
Makunivhesiti anogona kuve emienzaniso umo nharo dzakavhurika uye dzakasimba dzinogona kuitika pakati peiyo yemaonero akasiyana. Tsika yakaratidza yeshiviriro neruremekedzo kuvanhu vamwe navamwe, kunyange kana isiri nokuda kwemirangariro yavo, inogona kupa muenzaniso unokosha munzanga. Inogona zvakare kuzivisa maonero epasirese evakapedza kudzidza uye kugona kwavo kuita zvinovaka nemafungiro akasiyana munharaunda yepasirese.
Sangano reInternational Science Council rakaburitsa a Chirevo cheMitemo izvo zvinonyanya kutungamirirwa kunakidzwa kwekusununguka kwekutaura uye kushandiswa kwekuita basa maererano naro mune zvesainzi. Zvinoenderana nerusununguko rwekutaura, Misimboti inosanganisira:
iii. Rusununguko rwekusimudzira uye kutaurirana sainzi kuitira kunaka kwevanhu, mamwe marudzi ehupenyu, ecosystems, pasirese uye nekumwe.
Rusununguko irworwo rwakabatana nemabasa akakodzera:
iv. Basa rekusimudzira sainzi nenzira dzakaenzana uye dzinosanganisira kusiyana kwevanhu
[...]
vi. Basa rekugovera ruzivo rwakakwana rwesainzi rwunogadzirwa kuburikidza nedzidziso, yekutarisa, yekuyedza, uye yekuongorora maitiro..
Iyo ISC, muna Chikunguru 2024, yakaburitsawo a Position statement pane basa remayunivhesiti mukugonesa nhaurirano ine musoro uye nekusimudzira gakava rine musoro munguva dzenhamo. Chirevo chacho chaiti:
ISC inotenda kuti manejimendi emayunivhesiti anofanira kuedza kugonesa nhaurirano ine musoro uye gakava rine musoro mukati menzvimbo dzemisasa pasina kurambidza kurwira runyararo kana kukanganisa kushandiswa kwerusununguko rwekutaura nenhengo dzenharaunda.
Mukutaura uku, ISC yakataura kuti kutaura kwekushungurudza neruvengo, kusanganisira kutaura kweantisemitism uye Islamophobia haifanirwe kushivirirwa.
Misimboti uye Chirevo chePosition inoratidza kubatana pakati perusununguko rwekutaura kwesainzi uye kuita kwayo zvine mutoro. Inoshanda panyaya yerusununguko rwesainzi. Inoshanda kune zvese zvakasikwa uye zvemagariro sainzi. Haikwanise kuparadzaniswa netsika dzehurumende nedzemagariro zvinogona kutsigira rusununguko kana kupesana narwo. Tsika inopikisa kuvhura nhaurwa yevagari haifanirwe kubvumidzwa kumanikidza bhizinesi resainzi.
Imwe nyaya yakabatana nayo umo mayunivhesiti, pakati pezvimwe, ane basa rekuita risingakwanise kuparadzaniswa kubva kunyaya dzepolarization uye kusashivirira kwekusiyana kwemaonero, ndeye dzidzo yemagariro. Ndiko kunzwisisa kwekutanga kwemashandiro anoita nzanga. Kusaziva kana kusanzwisiswa kwezvivakwa zvakakosha zvevanhu zvinopa ivhu rakapfuma kune vatengesi vemashoko anoparadzanisa uye disinformation izvo zvave kupararira mumagariro enhau uye nekupfuura. Kushandiswa kunobudirira kwerusununguko rwesainzi kunoda kuti masayendisiti anzwisise nzanga dzavari chikamu chadzo uye dzavanotaura kwadziri.
Hapana anogona kuva nechisakiso chokusakendenga pamusoro penzanga yake amene. Hapana anodzivirirwa kubva kune zvakadzika midzi zvisizvo, chichemo, polarization, misinformation uye disinformation. Kubatana kwevanhu netsika inoshivirira inotsigirwa nezvirongwa zvakasimba zvedzidzo yevagari venzvimbo zvakakosha zvinangwa zvepasi rose. Vesainzi vane basa rekuita chikamu chavo mukutsigira tsika umo rusununguko rwavo runogona kushandiswa zvinobudirira uye zvine mutoro.
Disclaimer
Ruzivo, maonero uye kurudziro zvinoratidzwa mumablog edu evaenzi ndeaya emunhu anobatsira, uye hazvireve hazvo hunhu uye zvinotendwa neInternational Science Council.
Verenga zvakawanda nezve Kodzero yeKutora Chikamu uye Kubatsirwa kubva kuSainzi 
Verenga zvakawanda nezve Rusununguko uye mutoro musainzi Verenga zvakawanda nezve Masayendisiti anopfuura mazana mashanu anopinda muboka rekutanga rechirongwa chekudzidzisa sainzi cheISC-INGSA Verenga zvakawanda nezveSainzi Yakarongeka munguva yeAI: Takarara tiri pavhiri here? Verenga zvakawanda nezve Kudanwa kwenyanzvi kuti dziongorore Gwaro re2027 Global Sustainable Development Report | zuva rekupedzisira: 31 Chikunguru 2026 
