Ramangwana rekusimba kwenjodzi uye kudiwa kweiyo global vulnerability index

Tsvagiridzo yedu yakaratidza chokwadi chinoshamisa chekuti United Nations parizvino haina index yepasi rose yenjodzi. Kunyange zvazvo kusadzivirirwa kuri kukurukurwa mumaforamu akasiyana eUN, pane kutyira kuti kana UN ikasaita nhamburiko dzekubatanidza nekubatanidza nhaurirano idzi, zvinogona kuunza nyonganyonga isingazogadzirise zvakakwana zvinodikanwa zvevanhu vanotambura zvakanyanya.

Mubhuku rino tinokurukura nezvezvirongwa zvazvino, paine kurudziro yekuvandudza kuitira kuti tione mapoka ari munjodzi zvakanyanya padanho repasirese neredunhu, izvo zvinozogona kuzivisa danho renzvimbo. Parizvino pane ma indices ekusagadzikana munzvimbo anoburitsa zvimwe zvinhu zvekusagadzikana, asi indekisi yakazara inogonesa nzwisiso huru munyika dzichiri kusimukira uye nemapoka anodiwa.

Ndeapi ma vulnerability indices ari kushandiswa parizvino?

Muna Zvita 2020 iyo UN General Assembly yakadaidza Secretary General kuita kurudziro yebudiriro, kurongeka, uye kushandiswa kungangoitika kweakawanda-dimensional vulnerability indices yeSmall Island Developing States.

Pakutanga yakasarudzwa muna 2000 uye yakazogadziridzwa muna 2005, iyo Economic and Environmental Vulnerability Index (EVI) ndiyo imwe yepakutanga vulnerability indices yakashandiswa padunhu nepasi rose. Kubva 2005, EVI yakashanda seimwe yenzira nhatu dzinoshandiswa neUN Committee for Development Policy (UNCP) kuona uye kupedza nyika kubva muzvikamu zvishoma. Parizvino ine zvikamu zviviri zvekusagadzikana - zvehupfumi uye zvakatipoteredza - uye zviratidzo zvisere zvakagadziridzwa kubva kunzira yakabvumiranwa inoongororwa makore matatu ega ega. Rimwe remasimba ayo makuru nderekuti data rayo rinofukidza nyika 143 dzinotangira kugore ra2000.

Nepo chimiro chehupfumi chekugadzirisa kusagadzikana kwakakosha, hachitore zvizere chiyero chekusagadzikana nekufunga nezve geography, mari kana mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza. Ndedzipi pfungwa dzinofanirwa kutorwa pakugadzira index yepasi rose yekusagadzikana? Kutanga, tinotarisa data.

Ndeapi aripo data sources?

Muna Kukadzi 2021 Jacob Assa naRiad Meddeb veUNDP vakagadzira mushumo wakanaka mavakakurudzira yakawedzera-dimensional vulnerability index (MVI) iyo inovaka pamusoro peEVI. UNDP MVI inosanganisira zviratidzo gumi nerimwe kubva kuEVI, kusanganisira zvimwe kubva kuWorld Bank. Zviratidzo zvinomiririra zvikamu zvina zvekusagadzikana: zvehupfumi, zvemari, zvakatipoteredza uye geographic.

Nepo iyi MVI yaimbove yakatarisana neDiki Island Developing States, zviratidzo zvayo zvinogona kushanda pasi rose uye zvinosanganisira data rinobata nyika zana nemakumi maviri nenhanhatu. UNDP MVI inosanganisira zviratidzo zvitatu zvehupfumi kubva kuEVI; kutengeswa kunze kwenyika uye kutarisisa, kusagadzikana kwekugadzirwa kwekurima, uye kusagadzikana kwezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika uye masevhisi. Inowedzera zviratidziro zvitatu zvemari kubva kuWorld Bank zvine chekuita nekushanya kwenyika, mari dzemunhu, uye kudyara kwekunze. Zviratidzo zvitatu zvejografi zvinosanganisira kure kure uye kuvharika kwevhu, uye migove yehuwandu munyika dzese dzakaoma uye nenzvimbo dzakaderera dzakaderera dzemahombekombe.

UNICEF yatanga kutarisa kuyera kusagadzikana kwevana. Muna 2021, UNICEF yakagadzira Indekisi yeNjodzi Yemamiriro ekunze evana, kana CCRI, iyo zviratidzo zvakaparadzaniswa kuva mbiru mbiri. Mbiru 1 kuratidzwa kwemamiriro ekunze uye kuvhunduka kwezvakatipoteredza uye kushushikana, izvo zvinosanganisira akati wandei zviratidzo. Pillar 2 is Child Vulnerability, iyo inosanganisira seti yezviratidzo zvehurombo, midziyo yekutaurirana, uye kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu; mvura, utsanana, uye utsanana; dzidzo, uye utano nekudya kunovaka muviri kwevana.

Kazhinji, zviratidzo zvinofanirwa kugadziridzwa kumatunhu akasiyana kuti atore zviyero zvenzvimbo uye kuratidza zvinodikanwa zvevagari venzvimbo vanotambura. ISC iri kupa chidimbu chepuzzle iyi kune mhinduro nekuita vadzidzi nevarapi kutsvaga nzira yekuenda mberi inogona kuzadzisa maitiro eUN. Chinangwa ndechekuona nzira yekugadzira akawanda vulnerability indices kuburikidza nehurongwa hwedunhu hunozivisa chiito chenzvimbo kune mapoka ari munjodzi.

Isu tinoisa sei iyo yakawanda-dimensional vulnerability index (MVI)?

Re-Energize DR3, chirongwa cheBelmont Forum chinotsigirwa nemari, chave nekuita tsvakiridzo yekubatana pakuderedza njodzi nekusimba. Tsvakurudzo yavo inotarisa pamusoro pekutonga kwekudzikisa njodzi uye kusimba nekusimbiswa kwemafashamo, kusanaya kwemvura uye mafungu ekupisa mumaguta egungwa uye zvitsuwa. Kudyidzana uku kunobata nyika nomwe mumakondinendi eEurope, Africa, Asia neNorth America, nevatsvagiri vanobva muzvidzidzo zvakawanda pasi rese, vachitungamirwa neUniversity College London.

Chikwata cheUnited States cheRe-Energize DR3 ranga richidzidza nezvekutonga kwenjodzi muUS kumatunhu emubatanidzwa, mudunhu nemuno, richishandisa dunhu reNorth Carolina sechidzidzo chetsvakiridzo uye misangano yekudyidzana nevatori vechikamu.

Pakave nebasa rinonakidza paMVI kubva kuHofisi yeUN yeMumiriri Mukuru weNyika Dzisina Kusimukira, Nyika Dzinosimukira Dzakavharirwa uye Nyika Dzinosimudzira Zvitsuwa (UN-OHRLLS). Zvavo 2021 report inosanganisira ongororo yakawedzerwa yeMVI iripo uye kurudziro yemaitiro ekugadzirwa kweMVI. Inobatanidzawo kusadzikama uye kusimba pamwe chete uchishandisa zviyero zvekusagadzikana kwechimiro, uye kurongeka uye kusimba kwemitemo, izvo zvinonyanya kuvimbisa.

Iyi workaround multi-dimensional vulnerability indices inoda kubatanidza zvirinani mapoka ari munjodzi. Kusvika pari zvino, vulnerability indices inoshanda chete padanho renyika neredunhu. Isu takaona mienzaniso yezviratidziro zvehupfumi, zvemari, geographic, uye nharaunda. Kuti pave nekuwedzera kwakadzama indices yekusagadzikana, panofanirwa kuve nekuwanda kwakakura kwekubatanidzwa kwemapoka akaonekwa ari munjodzi.

Ndechipi chinangwa chebhenji cheMVI sekukurudzirwa neDR3?

Zvinotarisirwa kuti zviratidziro zvedunhu zvinopedzwa nenguva yekuongororwa kwe2027 ye2030 Agenda yeSustainable Development, iyo inosanganisira Sustainable Development Goals, uye ongororo yeSustainable Development Indicators muna 2028, izvo zvichabvumiranwa ne UN Statistical Commission.

Muna Chivabvu 2022, Kristen Downs akapa mharidzo semumiriri weYunivhesiti yeNorth Carolina Water Institute, chirongwa cheRe-Energize DR3, uye Sainzi neTekinoroji Major Group, iyo inokokwa neInternational Science Council (ISC). Akaratidza paIgnite Stage sechikamu che7th Session yeUNDRR Global Platform yeKuderedza Njodzi muBali, Indonesia.

Hurukuro yake yaive ine musoro unoti, “Tingagadzirisa sei dambudziko renjodzi pasi rose nedunhu?”

Iwe unogona kuona vhidhiyo yemharidzo yaKristen pane iyi link, pamwe chete nedzimwe mharidzo dzeIgnite Stage pano.

Pane zvikamu zviviri zvenhaurirano iyi: chekutanga chine chekuita nekusagadzikana kwenyika uye chechipiri chinobata nekusagadzikana kwemapoka. Ko mutemo unova nechokwadi sei kuti zvose zvinogadziriswa zvakakwana uye nenzira yakabatanidzwa uye kana zvakadaro, izvi zvingaitwa sei? Kuti tigadzirise mibvunzo iyi, isu tichada 1) kuita kudyidzana uye kusimudzira mukati memaitiro aripo eUN; 2) kuita imwe tsvagiridzo inoisa nharaunda dzinotambura uye nzira dzakaenzana dzekuita basa; uye 3) ongorora kugadzirwa kwepolicy yazvino pasi pe lens ye multidimensional vulnerability.

Kristen Downs, Emily Gvino uye Rene Marker-Katz chikamu cheBelmont Forum inopihwa mari, Re-Energize Hutongi hweNjodzi Kuderedza Njodzi uye Resilience for Sustainable Development, kana Re-Energize DR3.  

Kristen Downs

Kristen Downs iPhD Candidate muEnvironment Sayenzi neUinjiniya uye akapedza kudzidza pakutsvakurudza paMvura Institute paYunivhesiti yeNorth Carolina kuChapel Hill (UNC). Mamiriro ake ari musainzi yezvakatipoteredza uye engineering, yakavakirwa muhutano hweveruzhinji uye budiriro yenyika. Zvaanofarira zvikuru zvinosanganisira mashandisirwo ehurongwa hwezvivakwa uye marongero nekuvandudza tekinoroji kupa masevhisi akasimba mukutarisana nekusagadzikana kwakadai sekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze nemamiriro ekunze, kusimukira, uye kukura kwevanhu. Tsvagiridzo yaKristen yakanangana nekuenzanisira njodzi, kusava nechokwadi, uye zvinokonzeresa zvine chekuita nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze pachirwere chemvura, sekuyananiswa nemhando yebasa remvura nehutsanana uye kudyidzana kwayo nekusiyana kwemamiriro ekunze uye zviitiko zvakanyanya.

Emily Gvino

Emily Gvino, MCRP, MPH ishamwari neClarion Associates, kambani inobvunza nezvekushandiswa kwevhu yakavakirwa muChapel Hill, North Carolina. Emily anoshanda nevatengi veparuzhinji muUS padanho renzvimbo neredunhu, achibatsira nharaunda kuwana mhinduro nyowani uye kuronga remangwana rakagadzikana uye rakasimba. Basa raEmily rinotarisa pamharadzano dzehutongi hwemamiriro ekunze, kugadzirisa njodzi, hutano, uye kuronga kwezvakatipoteredza. Emily anotsigirawo Re-Energize DR3 timu seStrategic Consultant, vachibatana pakutsvaga kutsvaga, kunyora mapurojekiti, uye mharidzo.

Rene Marker-Katz

Rene Marker-Katz mudzidzi akapedza kudzidza paYunivhesiti yeNorth Carolina kuChapel Hill (UNC-CH) achitsvaga dhigirii reMasters muGuta neDunhu Kuronga (MCRP) aine hunyanzvi hwekushandisa ivhu nekuronga kwezvakatipoteredza. Dhigirii rake rekupedza kudzidza richaperekedzwa nechitupa mu Natural Hazards Resilience. Parizvino ari kushanda seMubatanidzwa Wekutsvagisa neUNC Water Institute Re-Energize DR3 timu yekusimbisa hukama pakati pehutongi nemasangano akazvimirira / eruzhinji kuti atsigire zvirinani mapoka enharaunda anotambura kuburikidza nenjodzi dzine chekuita nemamiriro ekunze. Zvido zvaRene zvakasarudzika zviri mukugadzirisa njodzi, maitiro ekuchengetedza maguta, uye kuenzana mukati mehurongwa hweveruzhinji.

Iwe unogona zvakare kufarira

Muchidimbu Chengetedzo pane Systemic Risk

Mikana yekutsvagisa, mutemo uye kuita kubva pakuona kwemamiriro ekunze, zvakatipoteredza uye njodzi njodzi sainzi uye manejimendi.

Mufananidzo naMartin Howard / UNISDR Kuona DRR Boka kuburikidza Flickr.