Nyika yakafukidzwa negungwa rimwe repasi rose, ine ecosystems uye maitiro anodarika miganhu yenyika. Sainzi yeOcean uye dudziro yaro kuzviito-zvakavakirwa pazivo inofanira kuvandudzwa nenzira yakarongeka pasi rose kuti ienderane nechiyero chegungwa nezvido zvekutonga. Izvi zviri kuramba zvichikurumidzira sezvo kukanganisa kubva kumamiriro ekunze ari kuchinja, nzvimbo dziri kukura dzekusvibisa, uye zvimwe zvikonzero zvekuparadza nzvimbo dzekugara zvichiramba zvichityisidzira kusimba kwekupihwa kwegungwa chikafu, kudzikiswa kwemamiriro ekunze, zvinoreva tsika, varaidzo, nezvimwe.
United Nations iri kuunganidza nharaunda yepasi rose pakudzokorora kwechitatu kwe Musangano weUN Ocean kutsigira kuzadzikiswa kweSustainable Development Goal 14 nechinangwa che "kukurumidza kuita uye kuunganidza vatambi vese kuchengetedza uye kushandisa gungwa zvine mwero." Kushandisa zvakanyanya sainzi iripo uye kuzvipira kuwedzera ruzivo urwu kwakakosha kuhurukuro dzemusangano kutsigira humbowo-hwakavakirwa marongero uye zvimiro zvehutongi zvakanangwa kubata zviwanikwa zvegungwa zvine mwero.
Dare reSainzi paOceanic Research (SCOR) isangano risingabatsiri, risiri rehurumende rakaumbwa neInternational Council of Scientific Unions (yakafanotangira kuInternational Science Council) muna 1957 kuti ishande senzira yekudyidzana kwepasirese nepakati pesainzi yegungwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuvaka kugona kwesainzi pasi rese kuitira kuti sainzi iratidze mamiriro epasi rose egungwa. Parizvino, makomiti enyika makumi matatu nemaviri anoumba nhengo dzinobatsira kutsanangudza mabasa eSCOR, zvichiita kuti SCOR ikwanise kushanda seforamu inosimudzira inzwi revasayendisiti.
Sainzi yeOcean ndeyepasirese, uye SCOR ndicho chishandiso chinoita kuti pfungwa dzakanaka dzenzvimbo iyi dzive dzepasi rose. - ICSU Komiti yeSainzi Kuronga uye Ongororo, 20031
SCOR ine yakatsigira 172 mapoka anoshanda2 kubva payakavambwa kugadzirisa methodological uye conceptual matambudziko uye kukurudzira kufambira mberi munzvimbo yakanangana nesainzi. SCOR inotsigirawo mapoka emasayendisiti kuti gadzira zvinokosheswa uye kurongedza mabasa makuru ekutsvagisa,3 uye mapurojekiti ezvivakwa4 iyo inoronga masayendisiti akatenderedza zvimiro zvetsigiro zvekutsvagisa senge data manejimendi, kuona, kana modhi uye zviwanikwa zvehuwandu.
Manetiweki aya akavandudza kugona kwesainzi kutarisa, kunzwisisa uye kufanotaura gungwa, izvo zvinodiwa kuzivisa humbowo-hwakavakirwa manejimendi uye kugonesa kuwanikwa kweramangwana. Semumwe muenzaniso wemuenzaniso, kufanotaura uye kutarisa kunokuvadza algal blooms (HABs) kuderedza kuratidzwa kwevanhu kune zvakasvibiswa zvekudya zvegungwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinokanganisa, zvinoda kunzwisiswa kwakaringana kwezvakatipoteredza zvinhu zvinopesvedzera kugoverwa kweHAB uye masimba, nzira dzehunyanzvi dzezvipenyu uye kuzivikanwa kwehupfu, uye zvidzidzo pamusoro pemaitiro echiito chehupfu - minda yedzidzo yepasi rose kuburikidza neiyo IOCSCOR yekudzidza yakakurudzirwa nenyika dzepasi rose. kuburikidza neworkshops, tekinoroji kudzidziswa uye yakasimbiswa mabasa ekutsvagisa.5
Ruzivo rwakasiyana: Yakawanda yegungwa inoramba iri muganhu usina kuongororwa, uye gungwa nemhoteredzo yaro yagadzirira kushanduka zvinoshamisa nenzira ichiri kuoma kufanotaura.6 Kuburikidza neSCOR, masangano epasi rese akagadzira nzira yekumberi yekunyatsogadzirisa mikaha muruzivo nezve yakadzika-gungwa ecosystem,7 kugoverwa kwemagasi egreenhouse mugungwa repamusoro,8 uye zvinotariswa zvekutarisa zve kunzwisisa mamiriro ekunze muSouthern Ocean,9 semuenzaniso mishoma.
Kutora mutemo: Panoramba paine kusawirirana pakati pesainzi nepolicy. SCOR yagara ichitsigira nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoratidza kuoma kwemamiriro ekunze kwegungwa, uye iye zvino mapurojekiti makuru ari kuwedzera kukurudzira nzira dzekushandura dzinosanganisira nharaunda dzinoenderana nemagariro ekutsvakurudza uye kupinza nevanoita zvisarudzo uye nhengo dzenharaunda kuti vavandudze kushandiswa kwemigumisiro yesainzi kune hutungamiri mamiriro.10
Global capacity: Kusawirirana kwepasi rose kunoenderera mberi mukukwanisa kubatsira mukutsvagisa kwemakungwa epasi rose. SCOR inoita akati wandei mabasa ekuvaka kugona11 kubatsira masayendisiti ega nemasangano avo kuvaka hunyanzvi hwavo uye network. Kuti zvive nemhedzisiro inogara, kuedza kwakadai kunofanirwa kusimbiswa nerutsigiro rwenyika rwekutsvagisa uye zvivakwa, kusanganisira kugovana zviwanikwa pakati penyika uye kusimudzira matekinoroji anokwanisika.
Kudyara musainzi yegungwa kunobhadhara kuburikidza nekugona kwedu kutonga gungwa nenzira inochengetedza zvese zviri zviviri zvisikwa zvegungwa uye mararamiro evanhu kwenguva refu. Kuita sainzi iyi nenzira yakarongeka pasi rose kunosimudzira kukosha kwekudyara kwega kwega nekuona kuti data rakaunganidzwa rakazara uye rinofananidzwa, mhinduro kumatambudziko ekugovana nzira dzinoitwa kuti dziwanikwe zvakanyanya, uye zvidzidzo zvinoenderana nemutemo zvinogadzirwa zvakaenzana uye zvinogoverwa.
SCOR icharamba ichifambisa kudyidzana nekuvaka kugona kugadzirisa matambudziko edu epasi rose, uye inokoka nyika dzese nemasainzi ega ega kuti vabatsire uye vatore chikamu mukuedza uku.
1 https://council.science/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/ICSU_PAA_REPORT.pdf
2 https://scor-int.org/work/groups/
3 https://scor-int.org/work/research/
4 https://scor-int.org/work/infrastructure/
5 GlobalHAB, 2017. Global Harmful Algal Blooms, Science uye Implementation Plan. E. Berdalet et al. (eds.). SCOR uye IOC, Delaware neParis, 64 pp.
6 IOC-UNESCO. 2024. State of the Ocean Report. Paris, IOC-UNESCO. (IOC Technical Series, 190). https://doi.org/10.25607/4wbg-d349
7 Howell, KL, Hilário, A., Allcock, AL, Bailey, DM, Baker, M., Clark, MR, Colaço, A., Copley, J., Cordes, EE, Danovaro, R., Dissanayake, A., Escobar, E., Esquete, P., Gallagher, AR, German Gate, AR, German Gate, ARJ Gjerde, KM, Higgs, ND, … Xavier, JR (2020). A Blueprint yeInosanganisira, Global Deep-Sea Ocean Decade Field Programme. Miganhu muMarine Sayenzi, Vhoriyamu 7-2020. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.584861
8 Bange, HW, Mongwe, P, Shutler, JD, Arévalo-Martínez, DL, Bianchi, D, Lauvset, SK, Liu, C, Löscher, CR, Martins, H, Rosentreter, JA, Schmale, O, Steinhoff, T, Upstill-Goddard, Wilson, H. (2024). Kufambira mberi mukunzwisisa kwekutsinhana kwemhepo-yegungwa uye kuchovha magasi egreenhouse mugungwa repamusoro. Elementa: Sayenzi yeAnthropocene 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2023.00044
10 van Putten, I., Kelly, R., Cavanagh, RD, Murphy, EJ, Breckwoldt, A., Brodie, S., Cvitanovic, C., Dickey-Collas, M., Maddison, L., Melbourne-Thomas, J., Arrizabalaga, H., Azetsu R, Beck-Scott, Beckley Constable, AJ, Cowie, G., Evans, K., Glaser, M., Hall, J., … Xavier, JC (2021). Makore gumi Ekubatanidza Sayenzi Yemagariro muIntegrated Marine Biosphere Research Project (IMBeR): Zvakawanda Zvakaitwa, Zvakawanda Kuita? Frontiers muMarine Sayenzi, 8, 662350. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.662350
11 https://scor-int.org/work/capacity/
Mufananidzo ne Maël BALLAND on Unsplash
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