Mutori wenhau wesainzi uye mupi weScience Friday Flora Lichtman paakavhura Science Day 2026, akaita izvi nenyaya yemukundi weNobel. Katalin KarikóKwemakumi emakore, Karikó aitsvaga ruzivo nezve messenger RNA asinganyanyi kuzivikanwa kana kutsigirwa, kare kare tekinoroji isati yatanga kushandisa majekiseni eCOVID-19. Sainzi iyi yaivapo makore akawanda nyika isati yaziva zvekuita nayo.
Yakava sumo yakakodzera yehurukuro dzakatevera.
Hurukuro yekutanga, yakatungamirwa naRobbert Dijkgraaf, Mutungamiriri weISC akasarudzwa pamwe chete naNavid Hanif, Mubatsiri weMunyori Mukuru weUN, vakakurudzira vatori vechikamu kuti vadzoke kubva pakutenderera kwegore negore kwekunyora mishumo pamusoro peSustainable Development Goals (SDGs) vobvunza mubvunzo wakakosha: kana kunzwisisa kwesainzi matambudziko akabatana pasi rose kwafambira mberi zvakanyanya, sei kushandura ruzivo irworwo kuita chiito chine musoro kuchiramba kwakaoma kudaro? Mashoko avo akabatana nekuongorora kwakafanana. Vakataura kuti chipingamupinyi hachisi kushomeka kwehumbowo hwesainzi, asi masangano, hutungamiriri nehutungamiriri zvaidiwa kushandura humbowo ihwohwo kuita mutemo unoshanda uye kushandiswa.
Maonero iwayo akagadzira nzira yekukurukurirana kwakatevera, achibvisa pfungwa kubva pakuratidza kukosha kwesainzi uye kuenda kumamiriro ezvinhu anobvumira ruzivo rwesainzi kuumba sarudzo.
Kukurukurirana kwezvematongerwo enyika kwakatevera kwakaratidza kuti pakanga pasina kusawirirana kukuru pamusoro pechirwere ichi.
Vachitaura kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana enyika, Ilka Hirt kubva kuGerman Ministry for the Environment, Ambassador Gregor Koessler, Permanent Representative yeAustria, Ambassador Chola Milambo, Permanent Representative yeZambia, naRaúl Sánchez, Mutevedzeri wePermanent Representative yeColombia, mumwe nemumwe wavo akatsanangura kukosha kwekusimbisa masangano anobatanidza hunyanzvi hwesainzi nekuita sarudzo dzeveruzhinji. Kunyange hazvo zvavaikoshesa zvakasiyana - kubva kumasystem ekupa mazano esainzi nekushandira pamwe kwenyika dzese kusvika pakukwanisa kutsvagisa uye kutora chikamu kwakaenzana mukugadzira ruzivo - vaive nekutenda kwakafanana kwekuti nzira dzinoshanda dzesainzi-mutemo hadzigone kushandiswa munguva dzedambudziko. Dzinoda mari yenguva refu, kuvimbana uye kushandira pamwe kwenguva refu.
Sánchez pamwe akabata pfungwa yehurukuro iyi muchidimbu paakafunga kuti pfungwa dzinochinja dzinowanzoda kutsungirira uye ushingi hwezvematongerwo enyika dzisati dzazivikanwa. Hurukuro yakatevera yakaratidza kuti zvipingamupinyi zvinozivikanwa - zvinosanganisira kuda kwezvematongerwo enyika, hutongi hwakakamurwa, zvirambidzo zvemari uye hukama husina kusimba hwesainzi-mutemo - zvese zviratidzo zvedambudziko guru: kuvaka masangano anokwanisa kushandura ruzivo rwesainzi kuita chiito chinobudirira.
Nhaurirano yacho yakakurumidza kupfuura kuongorora zvipingamupinyi uye panzvimbo pezvo yakabvunza kana hukama huripo pakati pesainzi nemutemo pachawo huri kuchinja.
Vatori vechikamu vakataura kuti ndizvo.
Vatori vechikamu Robbert Dijkgraaf (International Science Council), Emma Torres (UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network), Ed Carr (Stockholm Environment Institute neScientific and Technical Advisory Panel yeGlobal Environment Facility) naAstra Bonini (UN DESA) vese vakabvunza mubvunzo uyu nemaonero akasiyana, asi vakabvumirana pane imwe mhedziso: hukama huripo pakati pesainzi nemutemo huri kuchinja.
Matambudziko ekuchengetedza nharaunda nhasi anoda nzira dzinobatanidza zvikoro, masevhisi uye masisitimu eruzivo. Hunyanzvi hwesainzi huri kuwedzera kusanganisira kugona kushanda nevanogadzira mitemo, vanoita basa uye nharaunda kuti vagadzire mhinduro pamwe chete. Mienzaniso yakaita seScience Panels for the Amazon, Congo Basin and Borneo (SDSN) yakaratidza kuti zvirongwa zvekutsvagisa zviri kugadzirwa sei pamwe chete nevanhu vanonyanya kukanganiswa nekushanduka kwezvakatipoteredza, kwete ivo.
Panguva imwe chete, vatauri vakataura kuti sainzi haigone kushanduka yoga. Mayunivhesiti nehurongwa hwekutsvagisa huchafanirwa kuona zviri nani kubatana nehurongwa nekushandiswa kwahwo, nepo masangano ehurumende achifanira kukwanisa kunzwisisa nekuita zvinoenderana neuchapupu hwesainzi hwakabatanidzwa. Sezvo sainzi yave kufambira mberi mukunzwisisa kubatana kuripo pakati pematambudziko epasi rose, maitiro ane basa rekushandura pfungwa idzodzo kuita hurongwa haawanzo fambirana nenguva.
Mukati mehurukuro yese, mufananidzo wakafanana wakabuda. Hurukuro iyi yakanga yafamba zvakanyanya kupfuura kuwana sainzi nzvimbo mukuita sarudzo. Mubvunzo wakanyanya kukosha waiva wekuti hurumende, masangano ekutsvagisa nemasangano epasi rose akashongedzerwa here kudzidza kubva, kunzwisisa uye kuita zvinoenderana neruzivo rwesainzi.
Imwe dingindira rinogara richitaurwa zuva rese raive rekuti matambudziko ekuchengetedza hupenyu nhasi haachagoni kunzwisiswa kana kudzorwa ari ega. Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, kurasikirwa nehupenyu hwezvipenyu, kusaenzana, masisitimu ezvekudya, mari uye shanduko yetekinoroji zvakabatana zvakanyanya, uye vatori vechikamu vakaramba vachitaura kuti kubatana kwesainzi-mutemo kunofanirwa kushanduka zvinoenderana. Pane kugadzira humbowo hwakawanda hwezvikamu, sainzi iri kuramba ichikumbirwa kuti ibatsire hurumende kunzwisisa kudyidzana, kutarisira kutengeserana, kuona kubatana uye kupindira kwekugadzira kunogona kuunza mabhenefiti muzvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Nemamwe mashoko, dambudziko harisi kungogadzira ruzivo chete asi kusimbisa kugona kushandura kunzwisisa kwemasisitimu kuita kuitiswa.
Hurukuro dzakatevera dzakapa mhinduro dzinoshanda. Pane kukakavadzana kuti mutemo wesainzi unoshanda sei, vakaratidza kuti uri kutotanga sei kuumbwa munharaunda, mumaguta nemasangano pasi rose.
Hurukuro dzainyanya kutaurwa dzakachinja hurukuro kubva pakuongorora chirwere kuenda pakuita. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana - kubva pakuchinja mamiriro ekunze uye ruzivo rwechivanhu kusvika pakukura kwemaguta, kuona zviri mberi uye kugara zvakanaka kwevanhu - vatauri vakapikisa pfungwa yekuti humbowo hwesainzi hunongobva kuvaongorori kuenda kuvagadziri vemitemo. Mumienzaniso iyi, mutemo wesainzi wakabuda senzira yekushandira pamwe, yakavakirwa pahukama, kuvimbana uye kugadzirisa matambudziko pamwe chete.
Joshua Amponsem, muvambi weYouth Climate Justice Fund, akataura kuti kusimba kwemamiriro ekunze kwakasimba kana humbowo hwesainzi hukavandudzwa pamwe chete nenharaunda dzinotarisirwa kuita chimwe chinhu. Kusimbiswa ikoko pakugadzira pamwe chete kwakadzokororwa naRoannie Ng Shiu, Mukuru wePacific Academy of Sciences, uyo akafungisisa nezvetsika refu yePacific yekubatanidza kucherechedza kwesainzi neruzivo rweVanhu veko uye akataura kuti hunyanzvi hwemunharaunda hunofanira kubva pamiganhu kuenda pakati pekuita sarudzo.
Achitarisa mberi, Amir AghaKouchak, Purofesa weCivil and Environmental Engineering paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, Irvine, akakumbira kuti mutemo wesainzi uve nepfungwa dzakagadzirira, achiti kuona zviri mberi, nzira dzekuyambira pakutanga uye kuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo nezvenjodzi zvichave zvakakosha sezvo njodzi dzemamiriro ekunze dzichiwedzera kuva dzakarongeka. Vachitendeukira kumaguta, Marie-Hélène Zerah, Mutungamiriri weKutsvagisa paFrench National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), naIvan Shumkov, Sachigaro weUN-Habitat Partnership on the Future of Cities, vakaratidza kudiwa kwekushandira pamwe nguva dzose muzvikoro, muzvikamu nemunharaunda kuti vagadzirise matambudziko ari kuramba achioma mumaguta.
Kutsamwiswa kwekupedzisira kwakabva kuna Brendan Case, Associate Director for Research paHarvard University's Human Flourishing Program, uyo akakurudzira vatori vechikamu kuti vafunge zvinopfuura matanho enguva dzose ebudiriro. Achishandisa humbowo kubva kuGlobal Flourishing Study, akataura kuti zvirongwa zvebudiriro yeramangwana zvingada kukoshesa zvakanyanya zvinoreva, hukama, hunhu uye kugara zvakanaka pamwe chete nehutano nekubudirira kwezvinhu.
Pasinei nemamiriro avo akasiyana, hurukuro idzi dzakaratidza mhedziso imwe chete. Mutemo wesainzi unoshanda hausi wemutsara kana wehukuru humwe chete. Kungave kugadzirisa kugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze, budiriro yemaguta kana hutano hwevanhu, kufambira mberi kwaienderana nekukurukurirana kwakasimba, kudzidza pamwe chete uye masangano anokwanisa kuunganidza marudzi akasiyana eruzivo mukupindura matambudziko akaomarara.
Hurukuro yekugumisa zuva yakatarira mberi kwebasa rekukurumidza rekuzadzisa Zvinangwa zveSustainable Development uye yakabvunza mubvunzo wakakura: rudzii rwehurongwa hwesainzi-mutemo huchadiwa mushure megore ra2030?
Yakatungamirwa naEd Carr (SEI), hurukuro naNorichika Kanie weKeio University naMarianne Beisheim weGerman Institute for International and Security Affairs vakadzivisa nemaune muedzo wekutarisa pane zvingatsiva SDGs. Pane kudaro, vakafunga nezvezvinofanira kuitwa neveruzhinji rwepasi rose kubva mumakore gumi apfuura.
Pakati pezvinhu zvikuru zvakagara kwenguva refu zveAgenda ya2030, vatori vechikamu vakataura, kwave kuri kukura kuzivikanwa kwekuti matambudziko epasi rose haagone kugadziriswa ari ega. Tsvagiridzo pamusoro pekudyidzana kweSDG, kufunga kwemasisitimu uye kupararira kwemiganhu kwakaratidza kuti shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, kusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu, hutano, kusaenzana, shanduko yetekinoroji nebudiriro yehupfumi zvakabatana zvakanyanya, nzira dzinoda dzakabatana zvakaenzana. Kunyange zvazvo sainzi yakaramba ichigamuchira chokwadi ichi, mubvunzo ikozvino ndewekuti masisitimu ekutonga anogona kuchinja nekukurumidza here uye kushandisa pfungwa idzi kutsigira kuitiswa.
Vatori vechikamu vakataurawo nezvekudiwa kuri kukura kwemasangano anoita zvinopfuura kungopindura matambudziko aripo nhasi. Vakakurudzira kugona kwakasimba mukuona mberi, kutarisira uye kufunga kwehurongwa - nzira dzinobatsira vagadziri vemitemo kufamba nekusava nechokwadi pane kungopindura chete. Sezvo matekinoroji ari kubuda, shanduko dzezvematongerwo enyika uye shanduko yezvakatipoteredza zvichiwedzera, nzira dzesainzi-mutemo dzinofanira kuve dzinokurumidza kushanda, dzinobatanidza vanhu vakawanda uye dzakashongedzerwa zviri nani kuti dzipe ruzivo nezvesarudzo munguva yakareba.
Shoko rimwe chete rakadzoka kakawanda mukati mezuva rose. Remangwana remutemo wesainzi richaenderana nemasangano, zvinokurudzira uye kudyidzana kwakakomberedza ruzivo rwesainzi pamwe neruzivo pacharwo. Ndiwo mamiriro ezvinhu anosarudza kana humbowo huchizotungamira chiito.
Saka nyaya yekutanga yaFlora Lichtman yaKatalin Karikó yakatora kukosha kwakadzama pakupera kwechiitiko ichi. Kubudirira kwesainzi hakuchinji nzanga nekuda kwekuti dziripo. Izvi zvinoita nekuti vanhu, masangano nevatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika vanogadzira mamiriro ezvinhu ekuti ruzivo ruzivikanwe, ruvimbwe uye rushandiswe.
Tichitarisa mberi, hurukuro iyi yakaratidza kuti mubvunzo mukuru weBeyond 2030 ungasave wekuti ndezvipi zvinangwa zvinotevera, asi kuti hurumende, masangano nenzanga dzichada simba rei kuti dzifambe munyika iri kuramba ichibatana. Izvi zvinoisa tariro itsva pasainzi: kwete kungotsanangura kuoma kwezvinhu, asi kubatsira vanoita sarudzo kuti vaite zvinoenderana nazvo.
Photo: naNyu Wang/UN DESA
Verenga zvakawanda nezveSainzi yemazuva ano: zvinhu zvinotungamira shanduko muhurongwa hwenyika, tekinoroji uye magariro evanhu 
Verenga zvakawanda nezve Mari itsva yekutsvagisa yavhurwa kugadzirisa dambudziko remarara muAsia-Pacific Verenga zvakawanda nezveNorway kuti iite hofisi yechishanu yeInternational Polar Year coordination, pamwe chete neRepublic of Korea neChile. 