Nezvomunyori:
Vanessa McBride ndiye Mutungamiriri weSainzi kuInternational Science Council uye Mukuru weCentre for Science Futures. Ane PhD muAstronomy kubva kuYunivhesiti yeSouthampton. Ane ruzivo rwemakore anopfuura gumi nemashanu, kusanganisira mabasa akasiyana-siyana ehutungamiriri, mumayunivhesiti, muzvivakwa zvekutsvagisa uye munzvimbo dzesainzi-yekusimudzira munzvimbo dzepasi rose. Akabatana neISC kubva kuInternational Astronomical Union's Office for Astronomy for Development, kwaakabatanidza musiyano uripo pakati penzvimbo dzedzidzo yenyeredzi nedzekusimudzira.
Vanhu vave vachiona Mwedzi kwezviuru zvemakore. Pamusoro pawo pane maburi anoonekwa nemaziso, zvichiratidza nyaya yekurovana kwakasimba uye simba rinokwevera pasi risingaperi. Chidimbu changu chedombo remwedzi chinongova chisaririra chenhoroondo iyoyo ine matambudziko.
Ruzivo rwedu pamusoro pemwedzi rwakakura zvikuru nemabasa emuchadenga akazvimirira, kutanga neSoviet Luna-3 muna 1959 uye Apollo 16 muna 1972. Muna Chikumi 2024, basa reChina reChang'e 6 rakatodzosa mienzaniso kubva kurutivi rwemwedzi.
Asi kubva kuNyika, hatimbooni imwe hemisphere iyoyo. Mwedzi wakabatana neNyika, unotenderera pa axis yawo kamwe chete panguva yega yega inotenderera Nyika. Kuwirirana uku kwakaitika kwemazana emamiriyoni emakore, sezvo musiyano wekukweva kwepasi padhayamita yeMwedzi wakadzikisa kutenderera kwayo zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika kutenderera uye kutenderera kwacho kwaenderana.
Basa rekupedzisira revanhu muchadenga rakatsvaga kudzidza zvakawanda nezverutivi rwuri kure rwemwedzi. Basa reNASA reArtemis II rakatanga musi wa1 Kubvumbi 2026, richitumira vatyairi vendege vana parwendo rwekutanga rwevashandi kupfuura Earth orbit kubva paApollo 17 muna 1972. Musi wa6 Kubvumbi, panguva yekubhururuka kwemwedzi kwemaawa manomwe, vashandi vakatora diski yese yeMwedzi kubva panzvimbo yatisati tamboona kare ndokuisa rekodhi itsva yedaro riri kure kupfuura iro vanhu vakafamba kubva kuPasi. Vashandi vakatora maonero asingawanzoonekwi, kusanganisira ruzivo rwegomba risati ramboonekwa parutivi rwuri kure uye kuora kwezuva rose apo Mwedzi wakapfuura pakati pechitundumuseremusere neZuva.
Kupfuura mifananidzo inoshamisa, vashandi vakaita ongororo dzakakosha dzesainzi - kubva pakunzwisisa maonero emavara uye kusiyana kwechiedza pamusoro pemwedzi kusvika kuongororo dzinochinja-chinja dzemakomba emagetsi nemwenje. Izvi zvinhu zvinobatsira masayendisiti kunzwisisa zviri nani njodzi dzemagetsi nemaitiro epamusoro penyika neMwedzi.
Kunzwisisa maitiro anoumba Mwedzi kwakakosha pakudzidza kushanduka-shanduka uye geology yemamwe mapuraneti mu solar system yedu, kusanganisira Pasi. Mwedzi hauna mhepo kana gungwa, hauna plate tectonics, hauna zvinomera uye simba rekukwevera pasi rakaderera kupfuura Pasi. Kukanganisa uye shanduko dze geology hazvibviswi kana kuvanzwa kubva pamusoro pawo sezvazviri paPasi. Izvi zvinoita kuti Mwedzi usangova muviri wepedyo chete, asi uve chinyorwa chakachengetedzwa chemaitiro akamboumba Nyika zvakare.
Kunzwisisa uku kunokosha zvikuru kune zvazvino uye mune ramangwana sezvakunoita kune zvakaitika kare. Kunotsigira kuti tinoongorora sei njodzi nenjodzi uye kuronda kuti masisitimu akabatana ePasi akachinja sei nekufamba kwenguva. Izvi zvinotipawo ruzivo nezvesarudzo dzedu pamusoro pekuti vanhu vanoongorora sei uye pamwe vanogara sei munzvimbo dziri kunze kwePasi. Sezvo musiyano uri pakati pezvishuvo zvesainzi zvaimbove zvengano uye kugona kwedu kwehunyanzvi kuripo, tinofanira kubvunza mibvunzo yakaoma nezve tsika nemabasa yekuongorora nzvimbo.
Imwe hafu yeMwedzi inotibatsira kuunganidza nhoroondo isina kurongeka yehurongwa hwePasi neMwedzi, hwakarohwa nemameteorite uye hwakavezwa nemasimba egiravhiti kwemakore mabhiriyoni. Mwedzi chiyeuchidzo chinoonekwa, chehusiku chekuti kuenzana kusina kusimba kunochengetedza hupenyu panyika yedu hakufanirwe kutorwa sechisina basa. Haisi mamiriro ezvinhu asina kujairika, asi chimwe chinhu chatinofanira kunzwisisa kuburikidza nesainzi uye kuchengetedza kuburikidza nekutarisira.
Mufananidzo unoratidza: Mwedzi, Venus naMars sezvinoonekwa kubva panzvimbo yeSouthern African Large Telescope. Credit: Vanessa McBride/ISC
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