Unogona kutarisira kuti anecdote inoruma zvipikiri iuye kubva kumuongorori, asi Dr Reimer inyanzvi yemasvomhu uye mudzidzisi paYunivhesiti yeUtah, pamwe nekuva chikamu chenharaunda yakachinjanisa makirasi anotonhorera kune mamwe erenje rePasi risingagarike. , mukuedza kushandisa nhamba kunzwisisa kudziya kwepasi.
Mafambiro avo anovagonesa kuona yekutanga-maitiro ekufambisa shanduko munzvimbo dzepolar uye kusimbisa dzidziso yavo yemasvomhu echando chegungwa nebasa rayo sechinhu chakakosha mumamiriro ekunze ePasi.
Ukobvu uye hupamhi hweaizi yegungwa muArctic yakaderera nekukurumidza kubvira pakatanga kuyerwa setiraiti 1979.
Aizi yegungwa ndiyo firiji yePasi, inotaridza chiedza chezuva kudzokera muchadenga. Kuvapo kwayo nekusingaperi kwakakosha kune ramangwana repasi redu nekuti, sezvo aizi inonyungudika, mvura yakasviba yakawanda inobuda pachena iyo inotora chiedza chezuva chakawanda. Iyi mvura inodziya yezuva inonyungudusa aizi yakawanda mumhepo inosimbisa yega inonzi ice albedo zvaunofunga.
Nepo kuderera kweaizi yegungwa zvichida imwe yezvinonyanya kuoneka kuchinja kukuru kwakabatana nekudziya kwepasi pamusoro pePasi, kuongorora, kuenzanisira uye kufanotaura maitiro ayo uye mhinduro yepolar system yainotsigira yakaoma zvikuru, asi nyanzvi dzemasvomhu dzinogona kubatsira.
Kenneth Golden, purofesa ane mukurumbira wemasvomhu uye adjunct purofesa webiomedical engineering paYunivhesiti yeUtah, akavaka chirongwa chechando chegungwa chakasiyana makore makumi matatu. Mubatanidzwa wayo wekutsvagisa masvomhu, kuenzanisira kwemamiriro ekunze uye mafambiro emumunda anonakidza, wakwezva vadzidzi nevatsvagiri vepashure, kusanganisira Dr Reimer, avo vakatarisisa kushandisa rudzi urwu rwesainzi kubatsira kugadzirisa matambudziko ari kukurumidza kushanduka.
Dr Reimer vakadzidza kuti mabheya epolar uye zvisimbiso zvinopindura sei kune shanduko munzvimbo dzawo dzakaoma nechando. Kunyange aishandisa masvomhu kuti anzwisise kudyidzana kuri pakati pezvisikwa izvi nenzvimbo yazvinogara, akatorawo zviyero nemasampuli kubva kumabheya muArctic, chiri chinhu chaasina kumbotarisira kuita senyanzvi yemasvomhu. “Havana kunyatsokotsira kana vakadzikama; vane hasha,” anotsanangura kudaro. "Mumwe wavo akandivhundutsa nekuti zvaiita sekunge inogona kumuka pane imwe nguva."
Dr Reimer vanotora zviyero kubva kune yakagadzika polar bere muArctic.
Kuderera kwekugara kwavo kunoreva kuti mapere ari kufamba pamusoro peaizi yakatetepa, asi zvinotarisirwa kuti zvidzidzo zvakaita saDr Reimer's zvichabatsira nyanzvi kunzwisisa nzira yekudzivirira dzinokara.
Zvisinei, inyika “inofema pfungwa” ine mabhakitiriya nemaalgae anogara muhomwe dzemvura ine munyu mukati meaizi yegungwa iyo zvino inomufadza. Iyi nharaunda yebhayoroji nenzvimbo yayo inopesvedzerwa nekushanduka kwetembiricha, munyu uye chiedza, zvichiita kuti zviome kuenzanisira nemazvo. Mubasa rake razvino, Dr Reimer vanogadzira mamodheru kuti vanzwisise kuti zvinhu izvi zvinopindirana sei kuti vaone chiitiko chebiological mukati meaizi. "Kunzwisisa kuti maitiro pazvikero zvidiki izvi anobatsira sei kune macro-level mapatani kwakakosha kuenzanisa maitiro emamiriro ekunze ekudziya pane polar marine ecology," anotsanangura kudaro.
Iri idambudziko rekunzwisisa kuti chimiro chemicroscopic cheaizi yegungwa chinokanganisa sei hunhu hwemazaya echando anofadza Prof Golden. Akashanyira nharaunda dzePasi pevhu ka18, achishingirira mhepo dzekumavirira dzinozivikanwa se “Roaring Forties” kuti asvike kuAntarctica nengarava uye achinzvenga nepadiki kunyura mumvura dzine chando achiyera chando chegungwa. “Imwe nguva ndakashanyirwa nehove hombe kubva kure nemamita anenge masere, iyo yaigona kunge yakatsemuka nyore nyore nhokwe yandakanga ndiinayo nokungokwenya muswe wayo,” anodaro.
Prof Goridhe vanoongorora microstructure yeaizi yegungwa kuti vaverenge kuti mvura inogona kuyerera nyore sei nayo. “Aizi yegungwa ine munyu. Iine porous microstructure yebrine inclusions iyo yakasiyana zvikuru nechando chemvura yakachena, "anodaro.
Prof Golden vakatungamira zvikwata zvemasangano akasiyana siyana kufanotaura tembiricha yakaoma iyo brine inclusions inobatana kuitira kuti mvura ikwanise kuyerera nemuaizi yegungwa, uye kugadzira yekutanga X-ray tomography nzira yekuongorora kuti geometry yezvibatanidzwa zvinoshanduka sei nekudziya. “Kunzwisisa kuti mvura yomugungwa inoyerera sei muaizi yegungwa ndiyo imwe yenzira dzokududzira kuti kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kuchaita sei munzvimbo yegungwa,” anotsanangura kudaro.
Kuwana iyi "on-off switch" yakabatsira masayendisiti kunzwisisa zviri nani maitiro akadai sekuti zvinovaka muviri zvinodyisa nharaunda dzinogara mumabrine inclusions zvinozadzikiswa.
Muzvinafundo Goridhe zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti zviri nyore sei mvura inogona kuyerera nemugungwa ice, iyo ine porous microstructure yebrine inclusions (pamufananidzo). WF Weeks and A. Assur, CRREL (US Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Lab) Report 269, 1969
Iyo brine iri muaizi yegungwa inokanganisawo siginecha yayo yeradar, iyo inokanganisa kuyerwa kwesetiraiti yemaparamita senge kukora kweaizi inoshandiswa kusimbisa mamiriro ekunze. Aya mamodheru akakosha nekuti anofanotaura shanduko yenguva yemberi kumamiriro ekunze edu uye anoshandiswa nevatungamiriri venyika nemasainzi kuti vauye nemaitiro ekuderedza.
Iyo yakasiyana-siyana yechando inopa dambudziko, asi kusiyana pakati pevatsvakurudzi, vadzidzisi uye vadzidzi kunogadzira nzvimbo yakakwana yemafungiro matsva. MuUS, chikamu chimwe chete muzvina chedhigirii rechiremba mumasvomhu nesainzi yekombuta zvakapihwa vakadzi muna 2015, asi zvirongwa zvakaita seYunivhesiti yeUtah's. ACCESS chirongwa chiri kusimudzira matarenda echikadzi masvomhu nekuvabatsira kuvhura mikana yakaita sekuraira uye nemaoko-pakutsvaga. Expeditions kuenda kuArctic haingope vadzidzi ruzivo rwakasimudzika, asi onai kuti nyanzvi dzemasvomhu dzinobatanidzwa mukucheka-kumucheto kutsvaga uye mhinduro, pamwe nemamiriro ekunze masayendisiti uye mainjiniya.
Kana vasiri kurwisa madutu echando, Dr Reimer naProf Golden vanoshanda pamubatanidzwa, mapurojekiti akasiyana-siyana uye vadzidzisi vevadzidzisi vevadzidzi vasati vapedza kudzidza sechikamu chechirongwa cheACCESS. Mushure mekuvandudza chikamu chesvomhu muna 2018 kuti chisanganise kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, Prof Golden akaona zvakapetwa katatu nhamba yevadzidzi veACCESS vanofarira kutora masvomhu makuru kana nzvimbo yekutsvagisa kupfuura kare.
Rebecca Hardenbrook, mumwe wevadzidzi vePhD yaProfessor Golden, anoti: “kunangana nenyaya dzinonetsa dzakaita sekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kunokwezva vazhinji vevanhu vatinoda kuti vapinde mumasvomhu, vanova munhu wese, asi kunyanya, vakadzi, vanhu vemavara, vanhu vanopenga; chero munhu anobva mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kumiririrwa."
Hardenbrook akabatana nechirongwa cheACCESS pamberi pegore rake rekutanga senge undergraduate, achipedza chirimo muastrophysics lab, iyo yakavhura maziso ake kune mukana wekuita tsvagiridzo. "Kwaive kuchinja chaiko hupenyu," anodaro, kwete nekuti akazofungazve kuita PhD yemasvomhu naProf Golden mushure mekudzidza nezvekufambisa kwemafuta nemugungwa semudzidzi.
Rebecca Hardenbrook anodzidzisa masvomhu kuvadzidzi vepaYunivhesiti yeUtah muSalt Lake City.
Iye zvino anokurudzira vadzidzi vadiki pachirongwa cheACCESS semubatsiri wekudzidzisa, pamwe nekuenzanisa madziva anonyungudika, ari madziva emvura pachando chegungwa reArctic. Madziva aya anoita basa guru pakuona kunyungudika kwenguva refu kweaizi yegungwa reArctic kuburikidza nokutora mwaranzi yezuva pane kuiratidzira. Pavanenge vachikura uye vachibatana pamwe chete, vanopinda shanduko mune fractal geometry, vachigadzira isingapere-inopera pateni inogona kuenzanisirwa nevemasvomhu.
Hardenbrook iri kuvaka pamusoro pemakore gumi ekushanda pamadziva akanyunguduka naProf Golden uye vadzidzi vekare nevatsvagiri payunivhesiti nekugadzirisa classical Ising modhi, iyo yakagadziridzwa makore anopfuura zana apfuura uye inotsanangura kuti zvinhu zvinogona sei kuwana kana kurasikirwa magineti, kuenzanisira kunyungudika. geometry dziva. "Ndinotarisira kuita kuti modhi yeaizi yegungwa ive yakanyatsojeka kuitira kuti igone kuiswa mumhando dzemamiriro ekunze epasirese kuti igadzire nzira yakanyatso kutarisana nemadziva akanyunguduka, ane mhedzisiro inoshamisa pane albedo yeArctic," anotsanangura kudaro.
Nyanzvi dzeMasvomhu dzakatogadzirisa gakava rematsananguriro ehupamhi hwenzvimbo yechando inotenderera yegungwa, iyo inotambanuka kubva mukati mepakati pepakati peaizi yepakiti kusvika kumapendero ekunze, uko masaisai anogona kupaza aizi inoyangarara.
Court Strong, musayendisiti wezvemuchadenga uye mumwe wevaanoshanda navo naProf Golden paYunivhesiti yeUtah, akakweva kurudziro kubva kune isingawanzo tsime: cerebral cortex yeuropi hwegonzo. Akaona kuti vaigona kushandisa nzira imwe chete yemasvomhu kuyera hupamhi hwenzvimbo yechando yemukati sezvavanoita pakuyera ukobvu hwehuropi hwegonzo, hunewo misiyano yakawanda. Nerubatsiro rwemhando yakarerutswa iyi, timu yakakwanisa kuratidza kuti nzvimbo yechando yemukati yakawedzera nezvikamu makumi mana kubva muzana sezvo mamiriro ekunze edu aidziya.
Yunivhesiti yeUtah's ACCESS scheme, kusanganisira nemaoko-pakutsvagisa, inonyudza vadzidzi munzvimbo yekudyidzana uko masvomhu chikamu chemufananidzo muhombe. Inokurudzira kufambiswa kwemukume, uko mitoo nepfungwa dzinobva munzvimbo dzinoita sedzisina hukama dzesainzi dzinogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa matambudziko kana masvomhu ari pasi akafanana.
“Ukaunzwa nemamiriro ezvinhu asina kujairika, unoda marudzi akasiyana epfungwa kuti utarise dambudziko zvakajeka uye uuye nemhinduro,” anodaro Prof Golden.
Kurasikirwa kweaizi yegungwa kunoonekwa muArctic kwakaitika kwemakumi mashoma emakore uye kunoenderera mberi nekukurumidza.
"Tinoda huropi hwese hwakanaka uye nzira dzakasiyana dzekufunga dzatinogona kuwana, uye tinodzida nekukurumidza," anodaro.
Ichi chinyorwa chakaongororwa kuYunivhesiti yeUtah, National Science Foundation uye Hofisi yeNaval Research naElvis Bahati Orlendo, International Foundation yeScience, Stockholm uye Dr Magdalena Stoeva, FIOMP, FIUPESM.
Verenga zvakawanda nezve Batanidza mu5th International Polar Year 
Verenga zvakawanda nezve Call for Bids to host IPY-5 International Coordination Office | nguva yekupedzisira: 6 Kukadzi Verenga zvakawanda nezve Kufonera IPY-5 National Committees 
