Masayendisiti nevaongorori vari kuwedzera kukoshesa ngano dzesainzi nekuda kwezvipo zvadzo mukutarisira zviitiko zveramangwana. Sechikamu chechinangwa chayo chekuongorora mafambiro umo shanduko musainzi nesainzi masisitimu dziri kutitungamira, iyo Center for Science Futures akagara pasi nevanyori vatanhatu vanotungamira vengano dzesainzi kuti vaunganidze maonero avo ekuti sainzi ingaite sei matambudziko mazhinji emagariro atichasangana nawo mumakumi emakore anotevera. Iyo podcast iri mukudyidzana ne muzvarirwo.
Muchikamu chedu chechina, takaita hurukuro naFernanda Trías nezve nzira yekuunza pamwechete hunyanzvi nesainzi. Anotaura nezvekukurumidzira kutora matanho mukutarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma sematambudziko ezvipenyu. Anotenda kuti kuburikidza nekugadziriswa kwenyaya nemhinduro, tinogona kuita kuti sainzi ive nechinangwa.
Fernanda Trias
Fernanda Trías akaberekerwa kuMontevideo, Uruguay, uye parizvino ari muColombia. Munyori anohwina mubairo uye mudzidzisi wekunyora kwekugadzira, ane MFA muKunyora Kunyora kubva kuNew York University uye akaburitsa zvinyorwa zvina, zviviri zvawo zvakashandurirwa muchiRungu (Rooftop, Charco Press 2020, uye Pink Slime, Munyori 2023), pamwe chete nemuunganidzwa wenyaya pfupi.
Paul Shrivastava (00:03):
Mhoroi, ndini Paul Shrivastava, uye mune ino podcast series ndiri kutaura nevanyori vengano dzesainzi nezveramangwana. Ndinofunga kuti maitiro avo akasiyana ekuona zvinhu anogona kutipa nzwisiso yakakosha yekuti tingagadzira sei rudzi rwenyika yatinoda uye kudzivirira yatisingadi.
Fernanda Trias (00:24):
Tese tiri kutarisira kuti sainzi ichauya kuzotinunura kubva munjodzi nekuparara kwatakaita, uye handiyo nzira yazvichashanda nayo.
Paul Shrivastava (00:32):
Nhasi ndiri kutaura naFernanda Trías, munyori wenhoroondo wekuUruguay uye munyori wenyaya pfupi. Iye zvakare mudzidzisi mukunyora kwekugadzira paUniversidad de los Andes muBogotá. Bhuku rake, Pink Slime, rakaonekwa serimwe remabhuku akanakisa ezvinyorwa nemunyori wechikadzi munyika inotaura chiSpanish. Takakurukura kurudziro yake, kana dystopian horror inogona kuunza shanduko, uye kukosha kwekuunza hunyanzvi nesainzi pamwechete. Ndinovimba unonakidzwa.
Saka titambire, Fernanda. Ndinokutendai zvikuru nekubatana nesu pane iyi podcast series. Ndinoda kutanga nekukubvunza iwe kana uchigona kutaura zvishoma nezvekwako uye hukama hwako nesainzi.
Fernanda Trias (01:24):
Zvakanaka, chaizvo, ini ndinobva kumhuri uko sainzi nehunyanzvi zvagara zvakapindirana. Baba vangu vaiva chiremba. Ndakakura, somuenzaniso, ndichitamba mumakoridho ezvipatara, uye baba vangu vaitaura nezvomuviri womunhu, uye kwandiri zvaindifadza zvikuru. Asi panguva imwe cheteyo, ndakanga ndiine chido chokufarira vanhu, saka ndakazopedzisira ndava kudzidza nezvevanhu. Ndakashanda kwemakore akawanda somuturikiri, asi ndaiva nyanzvi munyaya dzezvokurapa. Mukushandura, ndakawana nzira yekuva nezvose, zvakarurama, kune rimwe divi, mitauro yandinoda uye, kune rumwe rutivi, ndaigona kuita tsvakurudzo, kudzidza.
Paul Shrivastava (02:07):
Wonderful. Bhuku rako idzva rinonakidza riri kushandurwa, Pink Slime, muChirungu - unogona here kutiudza zvishoma nezve dingindira rebhuku uye matauriro aunoita nezvesainzi uye kurongeka kwesainzi mubasa iri?
Fernanda Trias (02:23):
Chaizvoizvo, pink slime chimwe chezvinhu izvo zvandakawana pandakanga ndichiri kuita shanduro dzekurapa. Munovhero iyi yedystopian, kwave nenjodzi yezvakatipoteredza, uye ndakafunga, zvakanaka, ngatifungei nyika iyo chinhu chavanofanira kudyisa ruzhinji iyi paste inonzi 'pink slime', zvisina kunaka. Ese madhirimu nedikidiki zvese nezvimedu zvezvitunha, zvipfuyo, zvinodziiswa pakupisa chaiko, chaiko. Zvadaro vanoiswa centrifuged kubvisa mafuta kubva munyama, uye panobva paste ine pink chaizvo, inoita kunge mushonga wemazino. Vatambi vakuru vaviri - munyori mukadzi uye anochengeta mwana ane chirwere chisingawanzoitiki. Chimwe chezvizhinji zviratidzo kuti ine munhu anogara aine nzara. Uropi haugamuchire chiratidzo chinoti, OK, zvakakwana. Saka chirwere chinorwadza zvikuru, uye mukadzi uyu ari kuchengeta mwana asingagoni kurega kudya munyika umo mune kushomeka kwezvokudya, uye iyi slime yepink ndiyo chikafu chikuru chinowanikwa.
Paul Shrivastava (03:39):
Izvozvo zvine simba zvikuru. Uye tariro imwe ndeyekuti rudzi urwu rwekutyisa uye dystopia rinokatyamadza vanhu uye rinovaita kuti vachinje maitiro kuti vawedzere kugadzikana - kungave mukudya kwemuviri wavo, kana mukupisa kabhoni, kana chii chaunacho. Munofunga kuti ngano dzesainzi dzinogona kuunza shanduko mumafungiro here?
Fernanda Trias (04:03):
Ini handizive, asi yega yega dystopian novel ine kanenge imwe echo yechokwadi. Ndine manzwiro ekuti, senzanga, tiri mukuramba izvozvi nezve zviri kuitika nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Uye zvakajairika nekuti zvinotyisa uye zvakare nekuti… vanhu pachedu - hationi kuti tinogona kuita zvakawanda kushandura zviri kuitika. Isu tinonzwa kushushikana uku, asi ndosaka ndichifunga kuti zvakakosha kuti art iunze nyaya uye kuti iwanikwe kuvanhu nekuti inogadzira muenzaniso unobatika wezvingaitika. Uye kamwe kamwe tinogona kufungidzira nyika yese nemhedzisiro iyi, uye ruzivo, uye kuti izvi zvingakanganisa sei, vanhu vemazuva ese, uye ndiwo matangiro atingaita kutaura nezvazvo.
Paul Shrivastava (05:00):
Kune nzira idzi dzekufunga isu takaparadzana kubva kune zvakasikwa, asi pane imwe nzira. Maonero echivanhu epasirese munyika dzakawanda akazara uye anosanganisirwa zvakanyanya, kuti isu tiri zvisikwa, tiri chikamu chedandemutande rezvakasikwa, uye kana tikaita chimwe chinhu kwazviri, zvinodzoka zvakare uye zvinotikanganisa. Ungafunga here kuti izvozvo zvingabatsira uye sekukunda mamwe ematambudziko aya?
Fernanda Trias (05:31):
Ndinoda izvo Vandana Shiva, Indian philosopher, ecofeminist. Anotaura nezve eco-apartheid, kuti pane kupatsanurwa pakati pevanhu nemamwe zvisikwa. Zvingave zvakakosha kuti sainzi idzidze kubva kune iyo paradigm, nekuti mazhinji ezviono izvi kubva kuvanhu veko-muno muColombia, tine akawanda-anogona kutorwa seashoma sainzi. Mupfungwa iyoyo, dzimwe nguva sainzi inogona kuzvikudza, handiti? Ndosaka ndichifunga kuti mafungiro ecofeminist anogona kubatsira zvakanyanya. Uye zvakare kuve nevakadzi vakawanda vanoshanda musainzi kunogona kuunza shanduko iyoyo. Uye izvozvi muLatin America, kune vanyori vari kutarisa kune aya mamwe marudzi eruzivo nekunyora ngano dzesainzi kubva ipapo. Ndinofunga kuti zvinofadza zvikuru.
Paul Shrivastava (06:30):
Zvinonakidza chaizvo. Iwe unofunga here kuti kumwe kusimukira kwesainzi neruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu zviri kutokuvadza gadziriro dzepasi, uye nderipi ringava basa rengano yesayenzi mukudzivisa izvozvo?
Fernanda Trias (06:47):
Chandinonzwa dzimwe nguva ndechekuti sainzi yakafanana naamai vakanaka vari kumhanyira kuseri kwemwana akaparara ari kuparadza mumba. Zvino amai varikumhanya kuseri vachinonga matoyi, handiti? Saka sainzi pari zvino ndiyo iyi mambure ekuchengetedza ayo isu tese tiri kutarisira kuti sainzi ichauya ichitsvaga nzira yekutiponesa kubva munjodzi uye kuparara kwatakaita, uye handiyo nzira yazvichashanda nayo.
Kana tikatora nyaya yechikafu, semuenzaniso, kune fungidziro yekuti pasi rinozoda kugadzira 60% yezvekudya panosvika 2050 kuchengetedza huwandu hwepasi rose. Izvozvo zvichange zvakaoma. Pane hunyanzvi hwesainzi hwave kutoenda munzira iyoyo, kufunga, zvakanaka, tingagadzirisa sei zvirimwa kana mbeu kuti dzisapisa? Asi zvino kana iwe ukafunga nezvazvo, zvakatenderedza makumi matatu muzana ezvekudya zvinogadzirwa munyika izvozvi zvakarasika kana kuparara, uye zviri ruoko necapitalism, hongu. Saka chatinoda shanduko. Sayenzi ngano inotibatsira, kunyangwe ikasauya nemhinduro, hongu, asi zvirinani inobatsira kuongorora dambudziko uye inobatsira kubvunza mubvunzo.
Paul Shrivastava (08:01):
Pfungwa yauri kutaura pamusoro pehunyanzvi kana nganonyorwa dzinoumba mubvunzo - izvi zvinoenda kumoyo weizvo vamwe vanhu vari kudaidza transdisciplinary sainzi tsvakiridzo, uko kunoitwa tsvakiridzo mukugadzira pamwe nevanobata.
Fernanda Trias (08:17):
Uye ndosaka zvakakosha kubatanidza, munoziva, vanhu nesainzi. Nekuti matambudziko atiri kutarisana nawo iye zvino anotekeshera nemiganhu neminda yeruzivo. Saka isu tinotora shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, haisi nyaya yezvakatipoteredza chete. Chero sarudzo ine hukuru hwehupfumi uye hwemagariro. Tinofanira kufunga nezvezvido zvenharaunda yega yega mumamiriro ayo tisati taita chero chatinoda kuita. Iwe unofanirwa kufunga kuti zvichafamba sei munharaunda neaya matambudziko.
Paul Shrivastava (08:53):
Saka ichi chinhu chakakosha zvikuru. Nyaya yekugara, kwete kungobatikana nemhinduro dzakajairika, asi kuti dziite maererano nemagariro enzvimbo. Ndiyo chaiyo kiyi yemhinduro, uye izvo kwandiri, zvakare, zvakati kunze kwenzvimbo yechinyakare, yakajairika sainzi. Ndeapi mazano aungave nawo kune vesainzi kuti vapinde mumhando iyi yezvakabuda?
Fernanda Trias (09:21):
Iyi pfungwa yekuti tsvakiridzo yesainzi uye hunyanzvi zvakaparadzana yakapararira. Nekudaro, ini ndinofunga ivo vane zvimwe zvinhu zvakafanana kupfuura zvatinofunga nekuti ivo vese vanoda kuda kuziva uyezve kuda kubatanidza kune mazano anotarisa kure.
Paul Shrivastava (09:40):
Kubatanidza madotsi kuita pateni yakakura. Uye izvi, kwandiri, inyanzvi kufamba. Hakusi kufamba kwesainzi.
Fernanda Trias (09:49):
Ndizvozvo, asi ini ndinofunga pamwe masayendisiti akanakisa ndiwo ane mhando yekufunga iyi, munoziva, iyi pfungwa yekusika. Kugadzira chinhu chisiri chevamwe vanhu vari maartist. Isu tose tiri vanhu vakasika. Pandakatanga wri… ndichifunga nezve novel yaizotevera Pink Slime, ndaiva nezvimwe zvinhu zvaiita sezvisina kubatana zvachose. Semuyenzaniso, slime yepingi inamira, mwana ane chirwere ichi… Izvi zvakafanana, munoziva, sechigamba, asi kwandiri semunyori, ndinofanira kuvimba neruzivo urwu. Ndakaziva kuti vaiva vese. Ndakashaya kuti sei.
Paul Shrivastava (10:33):
Ndatenda nekuteerera podcast iyi kubva kuInternational Science Council's Center for Science Futures yakaitwa mukubatana neArthur C. Clarke Center yeHuman Imagination paUC San Diego shanyira futures.council.science kuti uwane rimwe basa neCentre for Science Futures. Inotarisa pane ari kusimukira maitiro musainzi uye masisitimu ekutsvagisa uye inopa sarudzo uye maturusi ekuita zvirinani sarudzo dzine ruzivo.
Paul Shrivastava, Purofesa weManejimendi uye Masangano paPennsylvania State University, akatambira podcast series. Vanoshanda mukuita kweSustainable Development Goals. Iyo podcast inoitwa zvakare mukubatana neArthur C. Clarke Center yeHuman Imagination paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, San Diego.
Basa racho raitungamirirwa na Mathieu Denis ndokutakurwa Dong Liu, kubva ku Center for Science Futures, ISC's think tank.
Mufananidzo kubva Patrick Perkins on Unsplash.
Disclaimer
Ruzivo, maonero uye kurudziro zvinoratidzwa mumablog edu evaenzi ndeaya emunhu anobatsira, uye hazvireve hazvo hunhu uye zvinotendwa neInternational Science Council.
Verenga zvakawanda nezve The Science Diplomat Podcast: Sir Peter Gluckman pamusoro pezano reSainzi, kuvimba, uye miganhu yeuchapupu Verenga zvakawanda nezveSainzi isina miganhu: Kudyidzana kwenyika dzese kuchizvarwa chinotevera chevaongorori Verenga zvakawanda nezve Kufunga patsva kukura uye kusimba mune yekutsvagisa ecosystem 