Ichi chinyorwa chikamu cheiyo ISC's new series, Shandura21, iyo ichaongorora mamiriro eruzivo nekuita, makore mashanu zvichienda mberi kubva paChibvumirano cheParis uye mugore rakakosha kuita budiriro inoenderera.
Vanhu vashomanene zvikuru munyika yose vangaziva zita racho Eunice Foote, nyanzvi yezvemamiriro okunze asina hunyanzvi uyo muna 1856 akawana kudziya kwechiedza chezuva pa<em>carbon dioxide, iyo yakazozivikanwa se<em>greenhouse effect. Tsvakurudzo yake yakaratidzwa pamusangano weAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) naJoseph Henry weSmithsonian Institution, sezvo vakadzi vakanga vasingakwanisi kupinda panguva iyoyo. Makore matatu gare gare James Tyndall akati kuwanikwa kuti magasi anosanganisira carbon dioxide anotora kupisa, izvo zvino anozivikanwa nekufukunura. Mune imwe nyaya inozivikanwa nevatsvakurudzi vakawanda vevakadzi, Tyndall akakwanisa kuwana mari yekufambisira mberi tsvakurudzo yake uye kusiyanisa pakati pekushanda kwemwaranzi yezuva nemamwe manyuko emwaranzi. Zvakadaro, tsvagiridzo yaFoote chiitiko chakakosha chesainzi, uye chinokatyamadza zvisinei nekushaikwa kwake kwekuwana, zvekushandisa uye kudzidziswa. Nyaya yake inoburitsa kukosha kwekuti vanhukadzi vave nezwi mukugadzirisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kukosha kwerubatsiro rungaitwa nemadzimai ane dzidziso nehunyanzvi muSTEM, pamwe nezvipingaidzo zvehurongwa izvo vanhukadzi vanosangana nazvo mukunzwikwa.
Vakadzi vari kuramba vachionekwa se vari panjodzi kudarika varume kumatambudziko ekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, zvikurukuru nemhaka yokuti vanomirira ruzhinji rwevarombo venyika uye vanotsamira zvikuru pazviwanikwa zviri kutyisidzirwa. Varume nevakadzi vane mabasa akasiyana, mabasa, masimba ekuita sarudzo, kuwaniswa kwevhu nezviwanikwa, mikana nezvido. Munyika dzakawanda nenharaunda, vakadzi vane basa rekugadzira chikafu, kucherera mhuri dzavo mvura uye kuunganidza mafuta ekubikisa. Zviitiko zvinotungamirirwa nemamiriro ekunze zvakaita semafashamu, kusanaya kwemvura uye mamiriro ekunze akanyanya kuita kuti mabasa aya aomese uye kuisa mutoro unorema kuvanhukadzi. Zvakadaro, vakadzi vari kubatwa nedambudziko iri vane basa rakakosha mukuchinjika kwemamiriro ekunze uye kudzikisira nekuda kweruzivo rwavo nekunzwisisa kwavo zvinodiwa kuti vaenderane nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kuti vauye nemhinduro dzinoshanda.
Pasi rose, vanhukadzi vane mikana mishoma pane yevarume yekuwana zviwanikwa zvakaita seminda, zvikwereti, zvekushandisa pakurima, magadzirirwo esarudzo, tekinoroji uye dzidziso inosimudzira kugona kwavo kuenderana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Climate Change nokudaro inoderedza kukwanisa kwevakadzi kuzvimiririra mune zvemari, uye ine kukanganisa zvachose pakodzero dzevanhukadzi dzemagariro nezvematongerwo enyika, kunyanya mune hupfumi hwakavakirwa zvakanyanya pakurima. Kushushikana kwezvakatipoteredza kunobva mukushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kwakaonekwa sechidziviso chikuru pasangano revakadzi, chinotsanangurwa sekugona kuita sarudzo dzine musoro uye sarudzo dzehungwaru, kunyangwe zvimiro zvemumba, hurongwa hwemitemo nemagariro zvinotsigira kuenzana kwevakadzi.
Zvinokonzereswa nekusaenzana kwevakadzi pakugadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze zvine zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha: kusachengeteka kwevakadzi nekugona kugadzirisa uye basa revakadzi mukugadzira matanho ekuderedza uye kugadzirisa. Tsvakurudzo pamusoro pemhinduro muAfrica neAsia inoratidza kuti sangano revakadzi rinobatsira sei pakugadzirisa mhinduro.
Kuti vagadzirise zviito zvekudzikisa uye kugadzirisa, vakadzi vane dzidzo yesainzi, tekinoroji, engineering, uye masvomhu (STEM) vane basa rakakosha rekuita, kwete mukureverera chete asi mukutungamira, kugadzira, kugadzira nekuita mhinduro. Zvisinei, a tsvakurudzo neGenderInSite uye iyo International Science Council yakaburitswa munaGunyana 2021 inoratidza kuti kutora chikamu kwevakadzi muzvikoro zvepasi rose muzvikamu zveSTEM kwaive 16%, kubva pa28% mubiology sainzi kusvika pasi pegumi muzana muinjiniya. Avhareji yemugove wevakadzi vanoshanda muboka rinodzora i10% yeacademy uye 29% yemasangano epasi rose anoranga. Kurudziro huru yaive yekuwedzera kutora mukana kwevakadzi muhutungamiriri nekutonga kwemasangano aya.
Kubatanidzwa uye Kubatanidzwa kwevakadzi muGlobal Science Masangano
Ongororo inotaura nezvekubatanidzwa uye kutora chikamu kwevakadzi mumasangano esainzi anopfuura zana nemakumi maviri ayo anorongwa pasi rose anoona kuti vakadzi havasati vamiririrwa. Inoda kuumbwa kwemubatanidzwa wezvekuenzana kwevakadzi musainzi yepasi rose kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchinja chiitiko.
Kukosha kwe kurwisa kusaenzana kwevakadzi kugadzirisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kwakazivikanwa nemasangano akawanda. Kubva payakaumbwa muna 1980, vanhukadzi vanga vari vashoma mukubatsira basa reIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Nekudaro, muna Kukadzi 2020 IPCC yakatora mutemo wekuenzana kwevakadzi uye kubatanidzwa uye chirongwa chekuwedzera mipiro yevakadzi vesainzi. Zvinotarisirwa kuti izvi zvichagonesa kunzwisisa kukuru kwekudziya kwepasirese kuri kubata vakadzi. Kunyanya, mazwi evakadzi vanobva kunyika dzichiri kusimukira uye matunhu akanyanya kukanganiswa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze achanzwika. Parizvino, vanopfuura 30% vevanyori veIPCC vakadzi uye vatevedzeri vechigaro vechikadzi vekutanga vakasarudzwa muna 2015. kutora chikamu kwevakadzi munhumwa dzehurumende nevagadziri vemitemo kuUNFCCC uye misangano inoenderana nayo iri kuramba yakadzikira, sekureva kweInternational Union for Conservation of Nature. Zvisineyi, kuitira kuvandudza kutora mukana kwevakadzi, dambudziko rehurongwa hwehuwandu hwevakadzi vashoma mumabasa eSTEM, iro rinoganhura boka revanogona kupa, pamwe nekuvimba nehurumende kudoma vamiriri, rinoda kugadziriswa.
Madzimai akawanda anodiwa zvakare muzvinzvimbo zvehutungamiriri mubhizinesi, mayunivhesiti nemuhurumende sezvo ivo vanowanzo fambisa mhinduro mukushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Izvi zvakafanana nemhedzisiro yakanaka yekuvandudza kuenzana kwevakadzi pamusoro pekutonga kwezvakatipoteredza uye magariro evanhu, kushanda kwebhizimisi uye hutsva.
Zvisinei neizvi, vanhukadzi vanoramba vachimiririrwa mumabhodhi esangano. Semuyenzaniso, tsvakurudzo yekumiririrwa kwevakadzi mumabhodhi nemapoka ekutungamira emakambani makuru emagetsi muGermany, Spain neSweden airatidza kuti 64% yakanga isina vakadzi zvachose mumabhodhi kana mapoka ekutungamira uye 5% chete ndiyo yaigona kunzi yakaenzana nekuva ne40% kana kupfuura vakadzi mune zvakadaro. zvinzvimbo. Imwe ichangoburwa ripoti pakutora chikamu kwevakadzi pamabhodhi pasi rose, rakaburitswa Kukadzi 2021, rinoratidza repamusoro muFrance pa44% uye rakaderera muBrazil pa12%. MuUS vakadzi vakabata nezve 11% yekambani yakazvimirira zvigaro zvebhodhi muna 2020 uye 24.3% ye 3000 kambani yeruzhinji zvigaro zvebhodhi muna Kurume 2021. Panguva imwecheteyo, masangano akadai se World Economic Forum Climate Governance Initiative vari kutanga zvitsauko pasi rose kuti mabhodhi emakambani agadzirise kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze senjodzi inooneka. Kuwedzera huwandu hwevakadzi vane hunyanzvi hweSTEM pamabhodhi emasangano, vanokwanisa kutora chikamu munhaurirano dzehutungamiriri, hazvina kumbobvira zvanyanya kukurumidza.
Kutora chikamu kwevakadzi mukugadzira mitemo munyika uye munharaunda kwakakoshawo. tsvakurudzo kubva kunyika dzakawanda zvinoratidza kuti kumiririrwa kwevanhukadzi mumaparamende enyika kunoita kuti nyika dzitore mitemo inoomesera yekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye kuderedza kuburitswa kwegasi rinopisa.
Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze chinhu chakaoma chepasi rose chisina miganhu. Chiito chepasi rose chinodiwa nevarume nevakadzi. Pane zvakakosha kuti titarise maonero akasiyana uye kusiyana kwemhinduro. Vagadziri vemitemo nemasaenzi vanoda hurongwa hwakasimba hunotarisa zvese, hunotsiva kusaziva uye hunogona kugadzirisa mikaha yeruzivo. Nzira inosanganisirwa - iyo inosanganisira manzwi ehafu yevagari vepasi - ichabatsira mukumhanyisa chibvumirano cheshanduko dzatinofanira kuita. Vakadzi vane hunyanzvi uye kugona kuita mupiro unoshanda uye wakakosha, vanongofanirwa kupinzwa mutende.
Unogonawo kufarira:
Marlene Kanga, AM FTSE Hon.FIEAust Hon. FIChemE
Marlene aive Mutungamiriri we World Federation of Engineering Masangano (WFEO) pakati pa2017 na2019. WFEO ndiro dare repamusoro remasangano einjiniya pasi rose rine nhengo dzinobva kunyika zana, dzinomiririra 100 miriyoni mainjiniya. Aive 30 National Mutungamiriri weInjiniya Australia uye nhengo yeKanzuru kubva 2013-2007.
Iye asiri-Executive Director wemamwe masangano makuru muAustralia mune zvekushandisa, zvekufambisa uye hunyanzvi. Marlene ari Fellow yeAustralia Academy of Engineering, Honorary Fellow yeEngineers Australia uye Honorary Fellow yeInstitution of Chemical Engineers (UK). Akaverengerwa pakati pemainjiniya epamusoro zana eAustralia akabatsira kuAustralia mumakore zana eEngineers Australia muna 100, pakati pevainjiniya vepamusoro gumi vevakadzi veAustralia uye iNhengo yeOrder yeAustralia mukucherechedza hutungamiriri hwake hweinjiniya.
Mufananidzo: Dan Parsons (yakagoverwa kuburikidza imaggeo.egu.eu).
Verenga zvakawanda nezvaElla Innova en Ciencia LAC: Kudanwa kwedunhu kwehutungamiriri hwevakadzi mune zvesainzi nekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva Verenga zvakawanda nezve Basa reboka revakadzi muFizikisi: International Union of Pure and Applied Physics Verenga zvakawanda nezve chikumbiro cheUNFCCC chepfungwa kubva kunhengo dzeISC - kuratidza kufambira mberi mukuzadza mipata yekutsvaga shanduko yemamiriro ekunze | Kufona kwakavharwa 