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Kufunga patsva nezvehupenyu hwakanaka: budiriro yevanhu kupfuura GDP

Zvinorevei kuva nehupenyu hwakanaka? Hupenyu uhwu hunogona kuwanikwa mukati memiganhu yepasi rose, yemunhu wese, uye pasina kukanganisa mikana yezvizvarwa zvinotevera? Iyi haisi mibvunzo yepfungwa isina musoro. Ndiyo iri pakati pemakakatanwa ebudiriro yemagariro evanhu emazuva ano, ari kuitika pakati pekuchinja kukuru kwevanhu, shanduko yetekinoroji, uye kumanikidzwa kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera kwezvakatipoteredza.

Pasinei nemakumi emakore ekushanda pakusimudzira magariro evanhu, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ichiri kutonga hurongwa hwekusimudzira magariro evanhu sechinangwa. Kunyange zvazvo ichibatsira sechiyero chemabasa ehupfumi, kushandiswa kwayo senzira yekusimudzira magariro evanhu kunogona kuderedza zvatinoda kuita, zvichideredza magariro evanhu nezvakatipoteredza zvinotsigira kugara zvakanaka kwevanhu uye kuchengetedza hupenyu. Zvechokwadi, budiriro haichagoni kunzwisiswa kana kuyerwa zvakanaka pasina kugadzirisa kunzwisisa kwedu kwezvinorehwa nekuva munhu, iye zvino zvisingaparadzaniswi nehukama hwedu nenyika yechisikigo, tekinoroji, uye mumwe nemumwe.

Kuwedzera nzira yekuvandudza yaive imwe yenyaya huru dzaikurukurwa nezvadzo Musangano wePasirose weKusimudzira Ruzhinji (WSSD) yakaitirwa kuQatar muna Mbudzi 2025, makore makumi matatu mushure me WSSD yekutanga zvakaitirwa kuDenmark. Zvakazoitika Doha Declaration Inokurukura nyaya dzakadai sekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, shanduko yedhijitari, kuchengetedzeka kwechikafu, ruzivo rusina kururama uye shanduko yemari yepasi rose, pamwe nedingindira reCopenhagen Declaration.

Mupfungwa yekusimbisa nzira itsva yekuvandudza sainzi yakasimba uye kunzwisisana kwakafanana, ISC yakaitisa chiitiko chedivi pamwe chete, pamwe chete ne Chirongwa Chekuvandudza UN uye Qatar Research Development uye Innovation Council, kuongorora nzira yekuvandudza pfungwa nekuyera kugara zvakanaka kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, semhedzisiro yepurojekiti yayo pamusoro pe Kufungazve nezveKubudirira Kwevanhu.

Chiitiko chepadivi, chine musoro unoti "Kufunga Patsva Kuvandudza: Ruzivo rweKukurumidza Kuita Mabasa Munyika Yanhasi", yakapa mukana wekugovana zvakawanikwa kubva ku Boka reNyanzvi dzePamusoro-soro (HLEG) pamusoro peKupfuura GDP yakagadzwa muna Chivabvu 2025, pamwe chete nepepa rekushanda reISC Tinoyera sei kugara zvakanaka? Kufungazve nezveHuman Development Index.

Tinoyera sei kugara zvakanaka? Kufungazve nezveHuman Development Index. International Science Council

July 2025

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Maonero akafara ehutano hwakanaka

Achitsanangura zvikonzero zveExpert Group, sachigaro mumwe chete, Kaushik Basu akataura kuti nyika yanhasi yakakamurwa inoda kuongororwa zvakadzama kwemitemo yehupfumi yatakatora, kazhinji 'tisingazive', uye mhedzisiro yayo munharaunda. "Kupfuura GDP," akadaro, pakupedzisira ndeyekudziridza "kukoshesa kwakakura kwenharaunda yevanhu, tsika dzedu dzakafanana, uye kunzwisisa kwedu kufambira mberi", kusanganisira hutano, kugara zvakanaka, uye kunyange hupenyu hwetsika. Vatori vechikamu vakakurukurawo kukosha kwezviratidzo zvepfungwa, zvakaita semaonero evanhu pamusoro pemitemo, pasinei nematambudziko anokonzerwa nekuyera. Musangano wacho wakasimbisawo kuedza kuripo kwekutora data rakawanda.

In yayo report report, Boka reNyanzvi rinoona nzvimbo nomwe kuti dziratidze zviri nani kukosha kwevanhu nepasi:

kugara zvakanaka kwezvinhu, kusanganisira kuchengetedzeka kwehupfumi;
utano, ine ruzivo rwakadzama kupfuura nguva yekurarama;
dzidzo, sekutora chikamu kune chinangwa munharaunda;
kuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo, zvakaita sekuchengetedzwa kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvisikwa;
kugara zvakanaka kwepfungwa, zvakaita sekugutsikana muhupenyu;
social capital, sekubatana kwenharaunda nekuvimbana;
utungamiriri, kusanganisira kutora chikamu mukuita sarudzo.

Sekureva kwasachigaro mumwe chete Nora Lustig, dambudziko rinotevera nderekuona "a limited seti yezviratidzo zvine mukurumbira wakafanana neGDP.” Akasimbisawo mubvunzo unokosha wenzira: kana zviyero izvi zvichifanira kubatanidzwa mucomposite index, sezvakaita Human Development Index (HDI), kana kuti kuratidzwa kuburikidza nenzira yedashboard.

Pakupedzisira, chinangwa chechero chiratidzo chehutano hwevanhu chinofanira kutungamira dhizaini yacho. Kunze kwekutsigira hutano hwevanhu vese, kunyanya avo vakanyanya kudzvinyirirwa, chinofanirawo kugonesa kutaurirana mukati nepakati penyika, uye kutsanangura kodzero nezvinodiwa nezvizvarwa zvemazuva ano nezveramangwana. Izvi zvinoreva chiratidzo chakaoma, asi chakajeka, chinogona kudzokororwa, uye chinokwanisa kupatsanurwa muzvikamu, mapoka, uye mativi. Kugona kwenhamba, kunyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu ane mari shoma, kunofanira kutariswa muzvisarudzo.

Zvisinei, vatori vechikamu vakayambirawo kuti chero kuyerwa kwekufambira mberi munharaunda uye kudzikiswa kwayo kuita zviratidzo, kunogona kutungamira mukupfupika kwenguva, kana matanho acho asina kurongwa zvakanaka. Masangano nehurongwa hwehutongi zvakakosha mukuona kuti vanhu vanonzwa kuti vane mugove mune ramangwana. Uyezve, kugara kwenguva refu hakusi kwezvakatipoteredza chete asiwo kwemari: mapurogiramu emagariro evanhu anofanira kunge achibatanidza uye achigara kwenguva refu kuitira kuti asaparadze kubatana munharaunda. Sezvakataurwa nemumwe mutori wechikamu nenzira inokatyamadza, vimbiso yekuti 'hapana anosiya' inogona kuva 'dambudziko remunhu' kana pasina muridzi uye mutoro.

Nguva yasvika

Vatauri vakati wandei vakataura nezve 'mashoko akanaka' ekuwedzera kwekugadzirira kweveruzhinji kugadzirisa masangano, marongero, uye sarudzo kuitira kuti vararame zvakanaka - ikozvino uye mune ramangwana. Kune kubvumirana kwakakura pamusoro pekudiwa kwekubatanidza zvinhu zvezvakatipoteredza uye zvemagariro evanhu (kusaenzana uye kubatana kwevanhu, kunyanya) kuti tiwedzere pfungwa yedu yebudiriro. Dambudziko harisisiri repfungwa, asi remasangano: dhizaini yekugadzira yehurongwa hutsva hwemaitiro ebhajeti, mamodheru emitemo, uye maitiro ekutonga. Asi kuve nechokwadi chekubvumirana kwevanhu - pamwe nekubvumirana kwedzidziso, tekinoroji uye kwemitemo - zvinoda hurukuro inogara iripo uye chiito chekushandira pamwe chinosanganisira hurumende, mabhizinesi, masangano eruzhinji, uye vagari.

Uyezve, ruzivo ndirwo rwuri pakati pebudiriro yemagariro evanhu. Vatori vechikamu vakataura kuti sainzi yemagariro evanhu nedzidzo dzevanhu zviri kuramba zvichimanikidzwa mukati mehurongwa hwedzidzo yepamusoro pasi rose. Izvi zvakaita kuti pave nepfungwa dzakarongeka dzekugadzira ruzivo, dzinosanganisira maonero akasiyana-siyana. Imwe mhinduro ndeyechirongwa cheISC Social Science Matters, yakatangwa paMusangano, iyo inovavarira kusimbisa basa uye kuonekwa kwesainzi yemagariro evanhu nedzidzo dzevanhu mukupindura matambudziko ekuchengetedza nharaunda.

Mumakumi matatu emakore apfuura, kuedza kusimudzira magariro evanhu kwakabvisa mamiriyoni evanhu muurombo uye kwakawedzera sarudzo dzehupenyu dzevamwe vakawanda. Asi kufambira mberi hakuna kuenzana uye hakuna kusimba. Kuvandudza mamiriro ezvinhu evanhu vakawanda vanorarama muhurombo hwakasiyana-siyana, ukuwo kuchengetedza mikana yezvizvarwa zvinotevera kunofanira kuramba kuri chinhu chakakosha. Kubudirira hakungobvi pakuvandudza zviyero zvinonzwisiswa uye zvinogamuchirwa, asiwo pakunzwisisana kwetsika pamusoro pezvinoreva 'kurarama hupenyu hwakanaka' ikozvino uye kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera.

Mufananidzo ne James Wheeler on Unsplash