Nezvomunyori:
Luisa Fernanda Echeverría King, PhD, inyanzvi yepasi rose mune zvesainzi diplomacy, dzidzo yepamusoro yepasi rose, uye kushandira pamwe kwesainzi, tekinoroji, uye hunyanzvi. Iye inhengo yeLiaison Committee ye ISC Regional Focal Point yeLatin America neCaribbean Anoshandawo saDirector weDiplomacy and International Scientific Cooperation kuUniversidad Simón Bolívar muBarranquilla, Colombia, kwaanotungamira zvirongwa zvinobatanidza mayunivhesiti, hurumende, nevadyidzani vepasi rose kusimbisa nharaunda dzekutsvagisa nekusimudzira kushandira pamwe pakati pematunhu uye kuchinjana ruzivo rwepasi rose.
MuLatin America, kuchengetedzeka kwemari kwesainzi, tekinoroji, uye hunyanzvi (STI) kwave nyaya yakakosha mukukura kwenharaunda. Pakati pekuwedzera kwekusagadzikana kwehupfumi, kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika, uye kukwikwidzana kwepasi rose kweruzivo, kuisa mari mune zvesainzi hakusisiri sarudzo, asi kwakakosha. Mari yakagadzikana inoita kuti mapurojekiti emhando yepamusoro arambe achienderera mberi, kusimbisa kugona kwemasangano, uye kusimudzira kugara zvakanaka kwevanhu vose. Zvisinei, izvi zvinowanzo kanganiswa ne kusagadzikana kwehurongwa hwezvinhu uye matambudziko ehupfumi anoramba achiitika izvo zvinoratidza mamiriro enzvimbo iyi.
Zvinoenderana nezvakawanda mushumo wapfupi neRed de Indicadores de Ciencia y Tecnología, zvichibva pane 2023 data, Latin America neCaribbean dzakaisa mari chete. 0.60% yeGDP yayo mukutsvaga nekusimudzira (R&D). Izvi zvinomiririra 4.4% chete yezvese zvakadyarwa pasi rose muR&D, nhanho iri pasi zvikuru pedzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi rose, zvichiratidza miganhu iri kuramba iripo muhurongwa hwesainzi nehunyanzvi hwenzvimbo iyi.
Mari yekudyara mari inonyanya kukoshesa nzvimbo: Brazil inobhadhara mari inosvika 62.5% yemari yese inoshandiswa munharaunda, apo Mexico neArgentina dzinopa mari inosvika 10% imwe neimwe, uye Chile neColombia zvinenge 3%, zvichiita kuti nyika dzasara dzigovane chikamu chidiki chemari yose yaiswa mubhizinesi.
Kunyangwe dunhu iri rakaona kukura kwakasimba kweGDP pakati pa2014 na2023, kukura kwekudyara mari muR&D kwave kunonoka kupfuura kukura kwehupfumi hwese, kunyangwe mushure mekupora mushure medenda.
Kusasimba kwemari yesainzi munharaunda iyi hakungogumiri pakukwanisa kuita mapurojekiti ane simba guru chete, asiwo kunounza migumisiro yakafanana. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutamiswa kwematarenda, kudzikira kwezvivakwa zvesainzi, uye kukanganiswa kwezvirongwa zvehurongwa. Uyezve, kusasimba uku kunowedzera nekuda kwetsika yezvirongwa zvezvematongerwo enyika zvenyika yekuona mari yeruzhinji yekutsvaga sechinoshanduka chinoshandiswa panguva dzekugadzirisa mari. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kusavapo kwenzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekubhadhara mari muhupfumi hudiki kunokanganisa kugona kwavo kugadzirisa matambudziko ekunze kwenyika, nokudaro kuderedza sainzi panzvimbo yechipiri mune zvematongerwo enyika ekunze uye zvirongwa zvediplomasi.
Kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika munyika dzinoverengeka munharaunda iyi kwakaita kuti masangano asashande zvakanaka, kusasimba kwemapazi esainzi, kudzikiswa kwebhajeti kamwe kamwe, uye kukanzurwa kwemitemo yeruzhinji. Kusagadzikana uku kunokanganisa zvakanyanya kuchengetedzeka kwesainzi, tekinoroji nehunyanzvi (STI), izvo zvinoda kuronga kwenguva refu uye maitiro ehutongi akasimba.
Pasina hwaro hwemari hwakagadzikana, hazvigoneke kuchengetedza zvirongwa zvesainzi zvinokwanisa kugadzirisa matambudziko akaomarara akadai sekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, shanduko yedhijitari, shanduko yesimba uye kuchengetedzeka kwechikafu. Mari yesainzi haifanirwe kungoonekwa semari chete, asi sekudyara mari mukusimudzira budiriro inoenderera mberi, kuzvitonga kwetekinoroji uye kuenzana kwevanhu.
Kuti izvi zviitike, hurumende, mayunivhesiti, vemasangano akazvimirira, nemasangano epasi rose vanofanirwa kukurumidza kugamuchira chibvumirano chakafanana chinovimbisa mari yakakwana, inoramba ichiwanikwa neveruzhinji inoenderana nezvinodiwa nenyika nematunhu. Kukurudzira kushanda pamwe chete pakati peveruzhinji nevemasangano akazvimirira kwakakosha kuti vakunde dambudziko iri. kupatsanurwa kwenhoroondo izvo zvinoramba zvichienderera mberi mukuedza kutsvagisa kwedunhu.
Dunhu iri harisati rapora kubva mumatambudziko emari akakonzerwa nedenda reCOVID-19, iro muna 2020 rakakonzera kudzikira kukuru kwemari yeR&D. Izvi zvakawedzerawo kuwedzerwa ne kushaya simba kwemasangano kwakambovapo, zvakaita sekushaikwa kwemutemo unosunga uye kusashanda pamwe chete kwakakwana pakati pemasangano ehurumende ane basa rekugovera zviwanikwa.
Vakwikwidzi ava vava kusangana nematambudziko ekushomeka kwemitengo, kukwira kwechikwereti, uye kuchinja kwezvinhu zvakakosha pamari. Pasina dziviriro yakajeka uye inoenderera mberi yekudyara mari muSTI, nyika dzeLatin America dziri panjodzi yekuputsa hunyanzvi hwakakosha hwesainzi, dzichidzokera kumashure mumakwikwi epasi rose ekuvandudza zvinhu zvitsva, uye dzichirasikirwa nemukana wekuvaka mhinduro dzematambudziko ekuvaka.
Kuvandudza kuchengetedzeka kwemari kwesainzi, tekinoroji, uye hunyanzvi muLatin America kunoda kuti zvinhu zvipfuure mhinduro dzebhajeti yenguva pfupi zvienderane nehurongwa hwemari hwakasimba uye hunogoneka. Kugadzirisa kusasimba kwehurongwa huripo pari zvino kunoda kuti pave nematanho akarongeka muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemitemo.
Kufambira mberi kwematanho aya kwaizobatsira mukusimudzira nzvimbo yekubatsira mari yakagadzikana uye yakasiyana-siyana, zvichiita kuti masisitimu esainzi edunhu ashande nekuenderera mberi kukuru, kurongeka kwehurongwa, uye mhedzisiro yenguva refu.
Disclaimer
Ruzivo, mafungiro uye mazano anowanikwa mumablog edu evashanyi ndeevanhu vakapawo pfungwa dzavo uye hazvirevi hazvo kuti zvinoratidzwa netsika nezvitendero zveInternational Science Council.
Mufananidzo ne Sieuwet Otterloo on Unsplash
Verenga zvakawanda nezve mikana yekutsigira kufamba muMusangano weVari Nhengo wepakati pegore 
Verenga zvakawanda nezve Kuita tsvakurudzo yetsika munzvimbo yezvematongerwo enyika ine hunhu hwakaganhurirwa Verenga zvakawanda nezveSainzi yemazuva ano: zvinhu zvinotungamira shanduko muhurongwa hwenyika, tekinoroji uye magariro evanhu 
